TCRN EXAM REVIEW EXAM WITH
VERIFIED 100% QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS RATED A+ (2024-
2025)
Circumfrential burns - ANS-Full-thickness burns result in the formation of an eschar that is tough and
unyielding.
Hydrofluoric acid - ANS-Chemical that pulls calcium out of the bone
Requires frequent irrigation at burn site and calcium replacement as needed
Tar/Asphalt treatment - ANS-Immediately cool with cold water
Remove with fat emmolient (Mayo, mineral oil, butter soaked gauze)
Treat like any other thermal burn when removed
Hydrocarbon burns (Gasoline, butane) - ANS-Skin will be red and blistered
,Often results in respiratory failure as vapors line the airways
Can result in eventual hepatic toxicity
*think kids in trauma bay with butane torch
Can cause a burn compartment syndrome, and often requires escharotomy
Shock - ANS-Systemic reaction to insult that causes decreased oxygen delivery to the cells
4 Classifications of Shock - ANS-1. Hypovolemic
2. Distributive
3. Cardiogenic
4. Obstruction
Hypovolemic Shock - ANS-Low blood volume results in altered perfusion (Ex: Hemorrhage, third spacing)
Distributive Shock - ANS-Severe vasodilation with normal blood volume results in altered perfusion (Ex:
Sepsis, anaphylaxis, neurogenic)
Cardiogenic Shock - ANS-Altered cardiac function results in reduced perfusion (Ex: Blunt chest injury,
CHF)
Obstructive Shock - ANS-Blockage in the system causes altered perfusion (Ex: PE, high PEEP, tension
pneumothorax)
Alpha Receptors - ANS-Activated by sympathetic nervous system, causing:
Vasoconstriction
Glycogenolysis
Diaphoresis
,Glycogenolysis - ANS-Breakdown of glucose stores in the liver to provide increased circulating glucose,
stimulated by Alpha receptors
Beta 1 Receptors - ANS-*Think: 1 heart
Cause increased heart rate and contractility
Beta 2 receptors - ANS-*Think: 2 lungs
Cause bronchodilation and increased respiratory rate
RAAS System - ANS-Increases resorption of sodium and water in the kidneys to increase vascular
volume, decreasing urine output
3 hr. Sepsis Bundle - ANS-Lactic level
Blood cultures before antibiotics
Broad spectrum antibiotics
30 ml/kg fluid bolus for hypotension
6 hr. Sepsis Bundle - ANS-Repeat lactic
Start pressors if fluid bolus ineffective
Gain central access for pressors
Symptoms of Early Shock - ANS-Normotensive with NARROWING pulse pressure
Tachycardia
Weak and thready pulse
Tachypnea with DEEP respirations
Normal lactic
Cool and clammy
Anxiety, impending doom
, Decreased urine output
Symptoms of Late Shock - ANS-Hypotension
Tachycardia
Tachypnea with shallow respirations
Elevated lactic
Cool, clammy, and mottled skin
Confusion, decreased LOC
SUPER decreased to no urine output
Stages of Shock - ANS-1. Early (Compensatory)
2. Late (Decompensated)
3. Irreversible
Irreversible Shock Symptoms - ANS-MODS
Severe acidosis
Obtunded
Cardiac arrest
Trauma Triad of Death - ANS-Hypothermia
Acidosis
Coagulopathy
Symptoms of Hypothermia - ANS-Decreased cardiac output and HR (reduced perfusion)
Vasoconstriction
Depressed CNS
Bleeding due to decreased coagulation
Symptoms of acidosis - ANS-Decreased myocardial contractility
VERIFIED 100% QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS RATED A+ (2024-
2025)
Circumfrential burns - ANS-Full-thickness burns result in the formation of an eschar that is tough and
unyielding.
Hydrofluoric acid - ANS-Chemical that pulls calcium out of the bone
Requires frequent irrigation at burn site and calcium replacement as needed
Tar/Asphalt treatment - ANS-Immediately cool with cold water
Remove with fat emmolient (Mayo, mineral oil, butter soaked gauze)
Treat like any other thermal burn when removed
Hydrocarbon burns (Gasoline, butane) - ANS-Skin will be red and blistered
,Often results in respiratory failure as vapors line the airways
Can result in eventual hepatic toxicity
*think kids in trauma bay with butane torch
Can cause a burn compartment syndrome, and often requires escharotomy
Shock - ANS-Systemic reaction to insult that causes decreased oxygen delivery to the cells
4 Classifications of Shock - ANS-1. Hypovolemic
2. Distributive
3. Cardiogenic
4. Obstruction
Hypovolemic Shock - ANS-Low blood volume results in altered perfusion (Ex: Hemorrhage, third spacing)
Distributive Shock - ANS-Severe vasodilation with normal blood volume results in altered perfusion (Ex:
Sepsis, anaphylaxis, neurogenic)
Cardiogenic Shock - ANS-Altered cardiac function results in reduced perfusion (Ex: Blunt chest injury,
CHF)
Obstructive Shock - ANS-Blockage in the system causes altered perfusion (Ex: PE, high PEEP, tension
pneumothorax)
Alpha Receptors - ANS-Activated by sympathetic nervous system, causing:
Vasoconstriction
Glycogenolysis
Diaphoresis
,Glycogenolysis - ANS-Breakdown of glucose stores in the liver to provide increased circulating glucose,
stimulated by Alpha receptors
Beta 1 Receptors - ANS-*Think: 1 heart
Cause increased heart rate and contractility
Beta 2 receptors - ANS-*Think: 2 lungs
Cause bronchodilation and increased respiratory rate
RAAS System - ANS-Increases resorption of sodium and water in the kidneys to increase vascular
volume, decreasing urine output
3 hr. Sepsis Bundle - ANS-Lactic level
Blood cultures before antibiotics
Broad spectrum antibiotics
30 ml/kg fluid bolus for hypotension
6 hr. Sepsis Bundle - ANS-Repeat lactic
Start pressors if fluid bolus ineffective
Gain central access for pressors
Symptoms of Early Shock - ANS-Normotensive with NARROWING pulse pressure
Tachycardia
Weak and thready pulse
Tachypnea with DEEP respirations
Normal lactic
Cool and clammy
Anxiety, impending doom
, Decreased urine output
Symptoms of Late Shock - ANS-Hypotension
Tachycardia
Tachypnea with shallow respirations
Elevated lactic
Cool, clammy, and mottled skin
Confusion, decreased LOC
SUPER decreased to no urine output
Stages of Shock - ANS-1. Early (Compensatory)
2. Late (Decompensated)
3. Irreversible
Irreversible Shock Symptoms - ANS-MODS
Severe acidosis
Obtunded
Cardiac arrest
Trauma Triad of Death - ANS-Hypothermia
Acidosis
Coagulopathy
Symptoms of Hypothermia - ANS-Decreased cardiac output and HR (reduced perfusion)
Vasoconstriction
Depressed CNS
Bleeding due to decreased coagulation
Symptoms of acidosis - ANS-Decreased myocardial contractility
