Neuro anatomy and physiology Exam Questions With Correct Answers

Neuro anatomy and physiology Exam Questions With Correct Answers Nervous system - answerthe network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body. responsible for regulating and coordinating all body systems central nervous system - answerbrain and spinal cord peripheral nervous system - answerthe sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body; consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves; 31 spinal nerves; divided into somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system afferent nerves, efferent nerves afferent neurons - answerNerve cells that carry impulses towards the central nervous system; sensory neurons efferent neurons - answerNerve cells that conduct impulses away from the central nervous system; motor neurons neuron - answera nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system; consists of 3 parts: cell body, dendrite, axon; primary fuel source is glucose most neuron cell bodies are located - answerin the CNS; when densely grouped together, known as nuclei; in PNS, groups of neurons are called ganglia or plexuses dendrites - answerBranchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information and direct it to the cell body axon - answerA threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body. covered with a myelin sheath EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 30, 2024 11:26 AM myelin sheath - answerA layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next. interrupted at various intervals by nodes of Ranvier. nutrient exchange cannot occur through myelin sheath. node of ranvier - answerA gap between successive segments of the myelin sheath where the axon membrane is exposed. nutrient exchange can happen at these but not the myelin covered area salutatory conduction - answeraction potential jumps from node to node, which speeds up the impulse transmission associational neurons - answeralso called interneurons, largest in number, located in CNS, function as links between sensory and motor processes, have higher functions mature neurons do not - answerreplicate; injury is long-lasting/permanent peripheral nerves are capable of - answerself-repair; process is called axonal reaction; slow. neuroglia - answercells that support and protect neurons in CNS; 4 types 4 types of neuroglia in CNS - answerastrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells astrocytes - answerform blood brain barrier; fill spaces between and around neurons; surround blood vessels; provide rapid transport of nutrients; have a role in scar formation, seizures Oligodendroglia - answerglial cells in the CNS that myelinate axons; "white matter" because myelin is white. microglia - answerAct as phagocytes, eating damaged cells and bacteria, act as the brains immune system ependymal - answera type of CNS supporting cell; lines the central cavities of the brain, choroid plexus and spinal cord; involved in the production of CSF Schwann cells - answerSupporting cells of the peripheral nervous system responsible for the formation of myelin. also provide