Penn Foster Veterinary Pharmacology
Final Exam. 493 Questions and Correct
Answers, 100% Correct. 2024/5.
Distinguish between hormonal, endocrine, and reproductive drugs
Describe how drugs affect the nervous system
Drugs affect the nervous system by acting at the synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's
activity, mimic their actions, or block them from acting.
Identify examples of respiratory drugs
Expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives, bronchodilators, decongestants
List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation
NSAIDs, Opioids, Antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks
Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic drugs
Compare and contrast cardiovascular and gastrointestinal drugs
Describe how antiparasitic drugs work
Antiparasitic drugs work by destroying parasites or inhibiting their growth. Most work by interfering with
the parasite's nervous system to prevent them from moving.
Discuss why replacement drugs are often necessary for animal health
Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory control
keeping the staff informed regarding discontinued items, knowing the dates on which backordered items
will be released from the vendor, packing up goods awaiting return to the vendor (e.g., expired items),
rotating stock correctly, maintaining current prices on all products, organizing inventory for ease of
location and counting, receiving and inspecting orders on arrival at the veterinary facility, and learning
about new products.
Define: Agonist
Drug that has affinity for a receptor/stimulates receptor into action
Define: Contraindication
A reason not to use a drug in a particular situation
Define: Efficacy
the degree to which a drug produces its desired response.
,Define: Over-the-counter drug
One that may be purchased without prescription from a veterinarian
Define: Prescription Drug
One that must be used under the supervision of a veterinarina
Define: Receptor
a group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind with a drug to produce an effect
Define: Therapeutic Index
expresses the relationship between a drug's therapeutic and harmful effects
Define: Withdrawl Time
Amount of time that must elapse between the end of drug therapy and elimination of that drug from
patients tissues or products
Define: Veterinarian-client-patient relationship
Relationship that must exist between the vet, the patient, and the owner before prescription drugs can
be dispensed.
List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med
Animal product, plant material, minerals, synthetic products
What are 4 components of a drug regimen?
Dose, route, frequency, and duration of administration.
Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian-client-patient relationship can be
shown to exist
1.vet must assume responsibility for making clinical judgments in relation to health of the animal.
2. Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with it's care.
3.Vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal
Discuss the responsibilities of a vet tech in the administration of drug orders
To carry out the vet's orders correctly. should read the drug label three times to ensure proper drug is
being administered and should take care to administer correct dose by correct route. Should be aware of
the expected affects and potential adverse side effects and be able to monitor the patient.
Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes from administration to excretion
Drug is absorbed (or placed directly) into the bloodstream, the drug may bind with plasma in the blood
or may exist in free state, circulating blood distributes drug to capillary level where it leaves circulation
and enters interstitial fluid. it bathes the cell and allows drug to bind to cell surface receptors or enter
the cell. It then exits the cell and moves back into interstitial fluid, reenters circulation, and is
transported to liver for metabolism. The metabolite is then transported to kidneys for excretion.
,List 11 possible routes for administering a drug to a patient.
Oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intracardiac,
intramedullary, inhalation, topical, intradermal
List some of the factors that influence drug absorption
Method of absorption, pH of the drug and ionization status, absorptive surface area, blood supply to
area, solubility of drug, dosage form, status of GI tract, and interactions with other drugs
Most biotransformation occurs in the_____
Liver
Most drug excretion occurs via the ______
Kidneys
Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular_____
Receptors
The drug name chosen by the manufacturer and is exclusive property of that company is called
Trade/Proprietary Name
What are the 6 items that must be included on drug label?
names (generic and trade) concentration, quantity, name and address of manufacturer, control or lot
number, expiration date
What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval, and use of animal health
products?
FDA, EPA, USDA
Why do many vet clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that they use?
Profit earned from selling products
Describe the marketing of animal health products
Purchased from manufacturers, distributors, or generic mail order companies. May be sold only one
label to graduate veterinarians and under another as over-the-counter
all FDA-approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publication entitled_____
The Green Book
What is the purpose of FARAD?
Provides resources concerning the avoidance of drug residues in animals
Extralabel veterinary drug use was made legal (under prescribed circumstances) by what act of
congress?
, Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA)
Define Compounding
Diluting or combingin existing drugs
What are potential dangers of residues in animal products
May cause allergic reaction or neoplasia in people, may cause the development of antibiotic-resistant
strains of bacteria
List 3 classes of drug interactions
Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmaceutic
Drug interaction can be anticipated when two drugs are given that are both metabolized by the_____
Liver
Define: Ethical Product
one sold only through veterinarians as a policy of the manufacturer rather than by FDA requirement
Once a drug has been biotransformed, it is called a_____
Metabolite
A reason to use a drug is a(n)_____
Indication
Diagnostic method of choosing a drug is based on all of the following except
a. Practical experience
b. Assesment of the patient
c. Obtaining a history
d. Performing lab tests
A. Practical experience.
Define: extralabel
Using a drug in a way not specified by the label
Complex sequence of events that occurs after a drug is administered is called____
Pharmacokinetics
Parenteral drugs are administered________
by injections.
The body's ability to change a drug chemically from the form in which it was administered into a form
that can be eliminated from the body is called_____
Metabolism (biotransformation)
Final Exam. 493 Questions and Correct
Answers, 100% Correct. 2024/5.
Distinguish between hormonal, endocrine, and reproductive drugs
Describe how drugs affect the nervous system
Drugs affect the nervous system by acting at the synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's
activity, mimic their actions, or block them from acting.
Identify examples of respiratory drugs
Expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives, bronchodilators, decongestants
List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation
NSAIDs, Opioids, Antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks
Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic drugs
Compare and contrast cardiovascular and gastrointestinal drugs
Describe how antiparasitic drugs work
Antiparasitic drugs work by destroying parasites or inhibiting their growth. Most work by interfering with
the parasite's nervous system to prevent them from moving.
Discuss why replacement drugs are often necessary for animal health
Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory control
keeping the staff informed regarding discontinued items, knowing the dates on which backordered items
will be released from the vendor, packing up goods awaiting return to the vendor (e.g., expired items),
rotating stock correctly, maintaining current prices on all products, organizing inventory for ease of
location and counting, receiving and inspecting orders on arrival at the veterinary facility, and learning
about new products.
Define: Agonist
Drug that has affinity for a receptor/stimulates receptor into action
Define: Contraindication
A reason not to use a drug in a particular situation
Define: Efficacy
the degree to which a drug produces its desired response.
,Define: Over-the-counter drug
One that may be purchased without prescription from a veterinarian
Define: Prescription Drug
One that must be used under the supervision of a veterinarina
Define: Receptor
a group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind with a drug to produce an effect
Define: Therapeutic Index
expresses the relationship between a drug's therapeutic and harmful effects
Define: Withdrawl Time
Amount of time that must elapse between the end of drug therapy and elimination of that drug from
patients tissues or products
Define: Veterinarian-client-patient relationship
Relationship that must exist between the vet, the patient, and the owner before prescription drugs can
be dispensed.
List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med
Animal product, plant material, minerals, synthetic products
What are 4 components of a drug regimen?
Dose, route, frequency, and duration of administration.
Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian-client-patient relationship can be
shown to exist
1.vet must assume responsibility for making clinical judgments in relation to health of the animal.
2. Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with it's care.
3.Vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal
Discuss the responsibilities of a vet tech in the administration of drug orders
To carry out the vet's orders correctly. should read the drug label three times to ensure proper drug is
being administered and should take care to administer correct dose by correct route. Should be aware of
the expected affects and potential adverse side effects and be able to monitor the patient.
Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes from administration to excretion
Drug is absorbed (or placed directly) into the bloodstream, the drug may bind with plasma in the blood
or may exist in free state, circulating blood distributes drug to capillary level where it leaves circulation
and enters interstitial fluid. it bathes the cell and allows drug to bind to cell surface receptors or enter
the cell. It then exits the cell and moves back into interstitial fluid, reenters circulation, and is
transported to liver for metabolism. The metabolite is then transported to kidneys for excretion.
,List 11 possible routes for administering a drug to a patient.
Oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intracardiac,
intramedullary, inhalation, topical, intradermal
List some of the factors that influence drug absorption
Method of absorption, pH of the drug and ionization status, absorptive surface area, blood supply to
area, solubility of drug, dosage form, status of GI tract, and interactions with other drugs
Most biotransformation occurs in the_____
Liver
Most drug excretion occurs via the ______
Kidneys
Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular_____
Receptors
The drug name chosen by the manufacturer and is exclusive property of that company is called
Trade/Proprietary Name
What are the 6 items that must be included on drug label?
names (generic and trade) concentration, quantity, name and address of manufacturer, control or lot
number, expiration date
What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval, and use of animal health
products?
FDA, EPA, USDA
Why do many vet clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that they use?
Profit earned from selling products
Describe the marketing of animal health products
Purchased from manufacturers, distributors, or generic mail order companies. May be sold only one
label to graduate veterinarians and under another as over-the-counter
all FDA-approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publication entitled_____
The Green Book
What is the purpose of FARAD?
Provides resources concerning the avoidance of drug residues in animals
Extralabel veterinary drug use was made legal (under prescribed circumstances) by what act of
congress?
, Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA)
Define Compounding
Diluting or combingin existing drugs
What are potential dangers of residues in animal products
May cause allergic reaction or neoplasia in people, may cause the development of antibiotic-resistant
strains of bacteria
List 3 classes of drug interactions
Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmaceutic
Drug interaction can be anticipated when two drugs are given that are both metabolized by the_____
Liver
Define: Ethical Product
one sold only through veterinarians as a policy of the manufacturer rather than by FDA requirement
Once a drug has been biotransformed, it is called a_____
Metabolite
A reason to use a drug is a(n)_____
Indication
Diagnostic method of choosing a drug is based on all of the following except
a. Practical experience
b. Assesment of the patient
c. Obtaining a history
d. Performing lab tests
A. Practical experience.
Define: extralabel
Using a drug in a way not specified by the label
Complex sequence of events that occurs after a drug is administered is called____
Pharmacokinetics
Parenteral drugs are administered________
by injections.
The body's ability to change a drug chemically from the form in which it was administered into a form
that can be eliminated from the body is called_____
Metabolism (biotransformation)
