BIOS252-Exam 1 (100% correct and graded A+)
pectoralis major - ANSWER flexes upper arm
Latissimus dorsi - ANSWER extends upper arm
Biceps brachii - ANSWER flexes forearm at elbow and rotates hand laterally
Triceps brachii - ANSWER extends forearm
Abdominal muscles - ANSWER rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal
oblique, transversus abdominis
Respiratory muscles - ANSWER diaphragm and intercostal muscles
Skeletal Muscle - ANSWER A voluntary muscle that is attached to the bones of the
skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones. Striated, multi-nucleated
Cardiac Muscle - ANSWER Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.,
striated with intercalated discs
Smooth Muscle - ANSWER Involuntary muscle found in walls of hollow visceral
structures such as digestive tract, blood vessels, and ureters, mononucleated
Similarities between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle - ANSWER The
similarities between all three muscle types is that they all allow for some kind of
movement to take place and all cell types use actin and myosin as the main
contractile myofibrils. Cardiac and Skeletal are both striated and multinucleated.
Differences between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle - ANSWER smooth and
cardiac muscle involuntary - skeletal muscle voluntary
Cardiac and Skeletal are both striated and multinucleated - smooth is
mononucleated and not striated
Muscle Excitability - ANSWER the ability to respond to a stimulus, which may be
delivered from a motor neuron or a hormone.
Muscle Contractility - ANSWER the ability of muscle cells to forcefully shorten.
Muscle Elasticity - ANSWER the ability to recoil or bounce back to the muscle's
original length after being stretched.
Muscle Extensibility - ANSWER the ability of a muscle to be stretched or extended.
Endomysium - ANSWER Connective tissue surrounding a muscle fiber
, Perimysium - ANSWER Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle
Epimysium - ANSWER covers the entire skeletal muscle
Sarcomere - ANSWER Contractile unit of muscle
Thick myofilamemts contain _____? - ANSWER Myosin
Thin myofilaments contain ____? - ANSWER Actin
Structure of sarcomere - ANSWER H Zone = the middle of the sarcomere that
divides it into left and right halves and only contains myosin filaments that span from
Z disc to Z disc
I Band = the ends of the sarcomere on both the far left and the far right sides that
only contain actin filaments
A Band = the total length of the myosin within the sarcomere spanning the full
distance between the Z discs
Z Discs = the vertical, left, and right structure of the sarcomere (the sides of the
ladder) where the horizontal actin and myosin "rungs" are attached to the sarcomere
identify the muscle proteins - ANSWER myosin, actin, tropomyosin, troponin, titin
Sarcolemma - ANSWER muscle cell membrane
Dopamine - ANSWER A neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and
learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system.
Serotonin - ANSWER Affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal. Undersupply
linked to depression.
Acetylcholine (ACh) - ANSWER A neurotransmitter that enables learning and
memory and also triggers muscle contraction
Epinephrine - ANSWER Neurotransmitter secreted in response to stress. Also
known as adrenaline.
Power stroke cycle - ANSWER process of myosin grabbing actin, muscle
contracting, and then using ATP to release, if Ca high then contraction continues
aerobic respiration - ANSWER when your cells produce energy in the presence of
oxygen, occurs in mitochondria
aerobic respiration equation - ANSWER glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide +
water + energy
anaerobic respiration - ANSWER Respiration in the absence of oxygen. This
produces lactic acid.
pectoralis major - ANSWER flexes upper arm
Latissimus dorsi - ANSWER extends upper arm
Biceps brachii - ANSWER flexes forearm at elbow and rotates hand laterally
Triceps brachii - ANSWER extends forearm
Abdominal muscles - ANSWER rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal
oblique, transversus abdominis
Respiratory muscles - ANSWER diaphragm and intercostal muscles
Skeletal Muscle - ANSWER A voluntary muscle that is attached to the bones of the
skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones. Striated, multi-nucleated
Cardiac Muscle - ANSWER Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.,
striated with intercalated discs
Smooth Muscle - ANSWER Involuntary muscle found in walls of hollow visceral
structures such as digestive tract, blood vessels, and ureters, mononucleated
Similarities between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle - ANSWER The
similarities between all three muscle types is that they all allow for some kind of
movement to take place and all cell types use actin and myosin as the main
contractile myofibrils. Cardiac and Skeletal are both striated and multinucleated.
Differences between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle - ANSWER smooth and
cardiac muscle involuntary - skeletal muscle voluntary
Cardiac and Skeletal are both striated and multinucleated - smooth is
mononucleated and not striated
Muscle Excitability - ANSWER the ability to respond to a stimulus, which may be
delivered from a motor neuron or a hormone.
Muscle Contractility - ANSWER the ability of muscle cells to forcefully shorten.
Muscle Elasticity - ANSWER the ability to recoil or bounce back to the muscle's
original length after being stretched.
Muscle Extensibility - ANSWER the ability of a muscle to be stretched or extended.
Endomysium - ANSWER Connective tissue surrounding a muscle fiber
, Perimysium - ANSWER Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle
Epimysium - ANSWER covers the entire skeletal muscle
Sarcomere - ANSWER Contractile unit of muscle
Thick myofilamemts contain _____? - ANSWER Myosin
Thin myofilaments contain ____? - ANSWER Actin
Structure of sarcomere - ANSWER H Zone = the middle of the sarcomere that
divides it into left and right halves and only contains myosin filaments that span from
Z disc to Z disc
I Band = the ends of the sarcomere on both the far left and the far right sides that
only contain actin filaments
A Band = the total length of the myosin within the sarcomere spanning the full
distance between the Z discs
Z Discs = the vertical, left, and right structure of the sarcomere (the sides of the
ladder) where the horizontal actin and myosin "rungs" are attached to the sarcomere
identify the muscle proteins - ANSWER myosin, actin, tropomyosin, troponin, titin
Sarcolemma - ANSWER muscle cell membrane
Dopamine - ANSWER A neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and
learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system.
Serotonin - ANSWER Affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal. Undersupply
linked to depression.
Acetylcholine (ACh) - ANSWER A neurotransmitter that enables learning and
memory and also triggers muscle contraction
Epinephrine - ANSWER Neurotransmitter secreted in response to stress. Also
known as adrenaline.
Power stroke cycle - ANSWER process of myosin grabbing actin, muscle
contracting, and then using ATP to release, if Ca high then contraction continues
aerobic respiration - ANSWER when your cells produce energy in the presence of
oxygen, occurs in mitochondria
aerobic respiration equation - ANSWER glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide +
water + energy
anaerobic respiration - ANSWER Respiration in the absence of oxygen. This
produces lactic acid.
