Test Bank - Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 11th
Edition (Griffiths, 2015) Chapter 1-20 | All Chapters
Adenine - ANSWER A component of nucleic acids, energy-carrying molecules
such as ATP, and certain coenzymes. Chemically, it is a purine base.
guanine - ANSWER A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary
information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a purine base.
Cytosine - ANSWER A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary
information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.
Thymine - ANSWER A component of nucleic acid that carries hereditary
information in DNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base. Uracil replaces
Thymine in RNA.
Allele - ANSWER Different forms of a gene
Codon - ANSWER three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a
single amino acid
base pairs - ANSWER Any of the pairs formed between complimentary bases in
the two nucleotide chains of DNA, such as A-T and C-G (DNA); A-U and C-G (RNA)
DNA polymerase - ANSWER Enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins
individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule
DNA replication - ANSWER The process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of
itself.
DNA Sequencing - ANSWER Determining the exact order of the base pairs in a
segment of DNA.
recessive - ANSWER An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
Dominant - ANSWER Describes a trait that covers over, or dominates, another
form of that trait.
Gene - ANSWER a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring
and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
, Gene expression - ANSWER process by which a gene produces its product and
the product carries out its function
GMO (genetically modified organism) - ANSWER An organism that is created
when scientists take one or more specific genes from one organism and introduce
them into another organism thus creating a new version
Genetics - ANSWER science of heredity
Genomics - ANSWER study of whole genomes, including genes and their
functions
Ligase - ANSWER An enzyme that connects two fragments of DNA to make a
single fragment
mRNA - ANSWER messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from
DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome
Model Organism - ANSWER An organism selected for intensive scientific study
based on features that make it easy to work with (e.g., body size, life span), in the
hope that findings will apply to other species.
Multifactorial Hypothesis - ANSWER Continuously variable traits are each
controlled by multiple Mendelian genes
nuclease - ANSWER An enzyme that cuts DNA or RNA, either removing one or a
few bases or hydrolyzing the DNA or RNA completely into its component
nucleotides.
point mutation - ANSWER gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has
been changed. Creates SNP
QTL (quantitative trait locus) - ANSWER locus whose variation contributes to
populational variation of a continuously varying phenotype (often a disease)
Regulatory elements - ANSWER DNA sequences that are not transcribed but play
a role in regulating other nucleotide sequences
SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) - ANSWER a polymorphism that substitutes
one base pair for another
Transcription - ANSWER synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
Transformation - ANSWER (genetics) modification of a cell or bacterium by the
uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA
Translation - ANSWER (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded
in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the
cytoplasm
Edition (Griffiths, 2015) Chapter 1-20 | All Chapters
Adenine - ANSWER A component of nucleic acids, energy-carrying molecules
such as ATP, and certain coenzymes. Chemically, it is a purine base.
guanine - ANSWER A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary
information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a purine base.
Cytosine - ANSWER A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary
information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.
Thymine - ANSWER A component of nucleic acid that carries hereditary
information in DNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base. Uracil replaces
Thymine in RNA.
Allele - ANSWER Different forms of a gene
Codon - ANSWER three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a
single amino acid
base pairs - ANSWER Any of the pairs formed between complimentary bases in
the two nucleotide chains of DNA, such as A-T and C-G (DNA); A-U and C-G (RNA)
DNA polymerase - ANSWER Enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins
individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule
DNA replication - ANSWER The process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of
itself.
DNA Sequencing - ANSWER Determining the exact order of the base pairs in a
segment of DNA.
recessive - ANSWER An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
Dominant - ANSWER Describes a trait that covers over, or dominates, another
form of that trait.
Gene - ANSWER a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring
and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
, Gene expression - ANSWER process by which a gene produces its product and
the product carries out its function
GMO (genetically modified organism) - ANSWER An organism that is created
when scientists take one or more specific genes from one organism and introduce
them into another organism thus creating a new version
Genetics - ANSWER science of heredity
Genomics - ANSWER study of whole genomes, including genes and their
functions
Ligase - ANSWER An enzyme that connects two fragments of DNA to make a
single fragment
mRNA - ANSWER messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from
DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome
Model Organism - ANSWER An organism selected for intensive scientific study
based on features that make it easy to work with (e.g., body size, life span), in the
hope that findings will apply to other species.
Multifactorial Hypothesis - ANSWER Continuously variable traits are each
controlled by multiple Mendelian genes
nuclease - ANSWER An enzyme that cuts DNA or RNA, either removing one or a
few bases or hydrolyzing the DNA or RNA completely into its component
nucleotides.
point mutation - ANSWER gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has
been changed. Creates SNP
QTL (quantitative trait locus) - ANSWER locus whose variation contributes to
populational variation of a continuously varying phenotype (often a disease)
Regulatory elements - ANSWER DNA sequences that are not transcribed but play
a role in regulating other nucleotide sequences
SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) - ANSWER a polymorphism that substitutes
one base pair for another
Transcription - ANSWER synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
Transformation - ANSWER (genetics) modification of a cell or bacterium by the
uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA
Translation - ANSWER (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded
in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the
cytoplasm
