Test Bank For Drugs and the Neuroscience of Behavior:
An Introduction to Psychopharmacology 2nd Edition by
Adam Prus Chapter 1-15 Complete Guide A+
biological psychology - ANSWER the study of the links between biology and
behavior
neuron/nerve cell - ANSWER the basic building block of the nervous system
dendrites - ANSWER bushy, branching extensions that receive messages from
other nerve cells and conduct impulses toward the cell body
axon - ANSWER the extension of the neuron that sends impulses to other nerve
cells or to muscles or glands
myelin sheath - ANSWER layer of fatty tissue that covers many axons and helps
speed neural impulses
action potential - ANSWER neural impulse generated by the movement of
positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane
threshold - ANSWER the level of stimulation that must be exceeded in order for the
neurons to fire, or generate an electrical impulse
synapse - ANSWER the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and
the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. The tiny gap at this junction is
called the synaptic cleft or gap.
neurotransmitters - ANSWER chemicals that are released into synaptic gaps and
so transmit neural messages from neuron to neuron
acetylcholine (ACh) - ANSWER a neurotransmitter that triggers muscle
contractions
endorphins - ANSWER natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control
and to pleasure
nervous system - ANSWER the speedy, electrochemical communications system,
consisting of all the nerve cells in the peripheral and cnetral nervous systems
, central nervous system (CNS) - ANSWER consists of the brain and spinal cord; it
is located at the center, or internal core, of the body.
peripheral nervous system (PNS) - ANSWER connects the central nervous system
to the body's sense receptors, muscles, and glands; it is at the periphery of the body
relative to the brain and spinal cord
nerves - ANSWER bundles of neural axons that connect the central nervous
system with muscles, glands, and sense organs
sensory neurons - ANSWER carry information from the sense receptors to the
central nervous system for processing...AKA: afferent
interneurons - ANSWER the neurons of the central nervous system that link the
sensory and motor neurons in the transmission of sensory inputs and motor outputs
motor neurons - ANSWER carry information and instructions for action from the
central nervous system to muscles and glands...AKA: efferent
somatic nervous system - ANSWER the division of the peripheral nervous system
that controls voluntary movements of the skeletal muscles
autonomic nervous system - ANSWER the division of the peripheral nervous
system that controls the glands and the muscles of internal organs and thereby
controls internal functioning; it regulates the automatic behaviors necessary for
survival
sympathetic nervous system - ANSWER the division of the autonomic nervous
system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER the division of the autonomic nervous
system that calms the body, conserving its energy
reflex - ANSWER a simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus; it is
governed by a very simple neural pathway
neural networks - ANSWER interconnected neural cells, the specific connections
of which are strengthened as learning occurs
lesion - ANSWER destruction of tissue; studying the consequences of lesions in
different regions of the brain - both surgically produced in animals and naturally
occurring - helps researchers to determine the normal functions of these regions
electroencephalogram (EEG) - ANSWER an amplified recording of the waves of
electrical activity of the brain
CT (computed tomography) scan - ANSWER a series of x-ray photographs of the
brain taken from different positions and analyzed by computer, creating an image
that represents a slice through the brain
An Introduction to Psychopharmacology 2nd Edition by
Adam Prus Chapter 1-15 Complete Guide A+
biological psychology - ANSWER the study of the links between biology and
behavior
neuron/nerve cell - ANSWER the basic building block of the nervous system
dendrites - ANSWER bushy, branching extensions that receive messages from
other nerve cells and conduct impulses toward the cell body
axon - ANSWER the extension of the neuron that sends impulses to other nerve
cells or to muscles or glands
myelin sheath - ANSWER layer of fatty tissue that covers many axons and helps
speed neural impulses
action potential - ANSWER neural impulse generated by the movement of
positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane
threshold - ANSWER the level of stimulation that must be exceeded in order for the
neurons to fire, or generate an electrical impulse
synapse - ANSWER the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and
the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. The tiny gap at this junction is
called the synaptic cleft or gap.
neurotransmitters - ANSWER chemicals that are released into synaptic gaps and
so transmit neural messages from neuron to neuron
acetylcholine (ACh) - ANSWER a neurotransmitter that triggers muscle
contractions
endorphins - ANSWER natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control
and to pleasure
nervous system - ANSWER the speedy, electrochemical communications system,
consisting of all the nerve cells in the peripheral and cnetral nervous systems
, central nervous system (CNS) - ANSWER consists of the brain and spinal cord; it
is located at the center, or internal core, of the body.
peripheral nervous system (PNS) - ANSWER connects the central nervous system
to the body's sense receptors, muscles, and glands; it is at the periphery of the body
relative to the brain and spinal cord
nerves - ANSWER bundles of neural axons that connect the central nervous
system with muscles, glands, and sense organs
sensory neurons - ANSWER carry information from the sense receptors to the
central nervous system for processing...AKA: afferent
interneurons - ANSWER the neurons of the central nervous system that link the
sensory and motor neurons in the transmission of sensory inputs and motor outputs
motor neurons - ANSWER carry information and instructions for action from the
central nervous system to muscles and glands...AKA: efferent
somatic nervous system - ANSWER the division of the peripheral nervous system
that controls voluntary movements of the skeletal muscles
autonomic nervous system - ANSWER the division of the peripheral nervous
system that controls the glands and the muscles of internal organs and thereby
controls internal functioning; it regulates the automatic behaviors necessary for
survival
sympathetic nervous system - ANSWER the division of the autonomic nervous
system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER the division of the autonomic nervous
system that calms the body, conserving its energy
reflex - ANSWER a simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus; it is
governed by a very simple neural pathway
neural networks - ANSWER interconnected neural cells, the specific connections
of which are strengthened as learning occurs
lesion - ANSWER destruction of tissue; studying the consequences of lesions in
different regions of the brain - both surgically produced in animals and naturally
occurring - helps researchers to determine the normal functions of these regions
electroencephalogram (EEG) - ANSWER an amplified recording of the waves of
electrical activity of the brain
CT (computed tomography) scan - ANSWER a series of x-ray photographs of the
brain taken from different positions and analyzed by computer, creating an image
that represents a slice through the brain
