Test Bank for Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 13th Edition By
Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollman; Randa Hilal-
Dandan Chapter 1-71 Complete Guide A+
First line treatment for focal seizures - ANSWER Carbamazepine or lamotrigine or
keppra oxcarbazepine
First line treatment for primary generalized tonic clonic seizure - ANSWER
Lamotrigine, Keppra, valproic acid
First line treatment for absence seizures - ANSWER Ethosuximide and valproic
acid
First line treatment for myoclonic, atonic seizure types - ANSWER Lamotrigine,
Keppra, valproic acid
Glutamatergic synapse (presynaptic) channels - ANSWER Voltage gated sodium
channels, voltage gated calcium channels, potassium channels, SV2A transmitter
Glutamatergic synapse (post synaptic) - ANSWER AMPA receptor, NMDA
receptor
Medication's binding to pre-synaptic voltage gated sodium channels - ANSWER
Phentoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, lacosamide
Medication's binding to pre-synaptic voltage gated calcium channels - ANSWER
Ethosuximide, valproic acid, lamotrigine - (modulate calcium channels by binding to
ą2& subunit - gabapentin, pregabalin)
Medication's binding to post-synaptic neuron potassium channels - ANSWER
Retigabine
Medication binding to pre-synaptic SV2A - ANSWER levetiracetam
Medication binding to post synaptic AMPA receptor - ANSWER Blocked by
phenobarbital, topiramate, lamotrigine, perampanel
Medication binding to post synaptic NMDA receptors - ANSWER Felbamate
GABAergic synapse - ANSWER most common inhibitory synapse in the nervous
system
Tiagabine MOA - ANSWER GABAergic synapse- increase GABA by inhibiting
reuptake (GAT-1) targeting GABA transporters
, Vigabatrin MOA - ANSWER GABAergic synapse- inhibits GABA transaminase
Benzodiazepines MOA - ANSWER GABAergic synapse-facilitates GABAa action
by increasing frequency of chloride channel opening
Where are GABA B receptors located? - ANSWER pre and post synaptically
Where are synaptic vesicular proteins located? - ANSWER GABAergic synapse
preSynaptic terminal of GABA neuron
Lamotrigine MOA - ANSWER Blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels which stabilizes
neuron membranes and decreases pre-synaptic release of glutamate also blocks
calcium channels
Lamotrigine treats - ANSWER Focal, absence, generalized tonic-clonic seizures,
and bipolar depression
Levetiracetam MOA - ANSWER Unknown; may modulate GABA and glutamate
release By binding to SV2A reset located on synaptic vesicles
Levetiracetam treats - ANSWER Focal, myoclonic and tonic clonic seizures
Carbamazepine MOA - ANSWER Na channel blocker
Carbamazepine treats - ANSWER Focal and tonic-clonic seizures, and use as a
mood stabilizer when lithium lacks efficacy with acute mania
Carbamazepine therapeutic range, warnings, and interactions - ANSWER
Therapeutic range is 4 to 12 µg per milliliter. Monitor within three days of initiation
and again four weeks after initiation.
It's active metabolize are responsible for its side effects.
Warning are SIADH and hyponatremia.
Side effects are blurred vision, diplopia, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth,
vitamin D, and calcium deficiency, bone loss, and increase liver functions
Strong inducer and autoinducer - ANSWER Carbamazepine, decreases
concentrations of levothyroxine, warfarin, and other anti-epileptic drugs. It increases
its own metabolism to decrease its half-life from 36 hours to 8 to 12 hours.
Oxcarbamazepine MOA - ANSWER Black voltage, gated, sodium channels, and
inhibits repetitive firing which decreases synaptic impulses. It is an analog of
carbamazepine.
Oxcarbazepine treats - ANSWER Partial or focal seizures
Valproic Acid MOA - ANSWER Increase sodium channel inactivation, increase
GABA concentration by inhibiting GABA transaminase
Valproic acid treats - ANSWER Primary generalized epilepsies
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 13th Edition By
Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollman; Randa Hilal-
Dandan Chapter 1-71 Complete Guide A+
First line treatment for focal seizures - ANSWER Carbamazepine or lamotrigine or
keppra oxcarbazepine
First line treatment for primary generalized tonic clonic seizure - ANSWER
Lamotrigine, Keppra, valproic acid
First line treatment for absence seizures - ANSWER Ethosuximide and valproic
acid
First line treatment for myoclonic, atonic seizure types - ANSWER Lamotrigine,
Keppra, valproic acid
Glutamatergic synapse (presynaptic) channels - ANSWER Voltage gated sodium
channels, voltage gated calcium channels, potassium channels, SV2A transmitter
Glutamatergic synapse (post synaptic) - ANSWER AMPA receptor, NMDA
receptor
Medication's binding to pre-synaptic voltage gated sodium channels - ANSWER
Phentoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, lacosamide
Medication's binding to pre-synaptic voltage gated calcium channels - ANSWER
Ethosuximide, valproic acid, lamotrigine - (modulate calcium channels by binding to
ą2& subunit - gabapentin, pregabalin)
Medication's binding to post-synaptic neuron potassium channels - ANSWER
Retigabine
Medication binding to pre-synaptic SV2A - ANSWER levetiracetam
Medication binding to post synaptic AMPA receptor - ANSWER Blocked by
phenobarbital, topiramate, lamotrigine, perampanel
Medication binding to post synaptic NMDA receptors - ANSWER Felbamate
GABAergic synapse - ANSWER most common inhibitory synapse in the nervous
system
Tiagabine MOA - ANSWER GABAergic synapse- increase GABA by inhibiting
reuptake (GAT-1) targeting GABA transporters
, Vigabatrin MOA - ANSWER GABAergic synapse- inhibits GABA transaminase
Benzodiazepines MOA - ANSWER GABAergic synapse-facilitates GABAa action
by increasing frequency of chloride channel opening
Where are GABA B receptors located? - ANSWER pre and post synaptically
Where are synaptic vesicular proteins located? - ANSWER GABAergic synapse
preSynaptic terminal of GABA neuron
Lamotrigine MOA - ANSWER Blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels which stabilizes
neuron membranes and decreases pre-synaptic release of glutamate also blocks
calcium channels
Lamotrigine treats - ANSWER Focal, absence, generalized tonic-clonic seizures,
and bipolar depression
Levetiracetam MOA - ANSWER Unknown; may modulate GABA and glutamate
release By binding to SV2A reset located on synaptic vesicles
Levetiracetam treats - ANSWER Focal, myoclonic and tonic clonic seizures
Carbamazepine MOA - ANSWER Na channel blocker
Carbamazepine treats - ANSWER Focal and tonic-clonic seizures, and use as a
mood stabilizer when lithium lacks efficacy with acute mania
Carbamazepine therapeutic range, warnings, and interactions - ANSWER
Therapeutic range is 4 to 12 µg per milliliter. Monitor within three days of initiation
and again four weeks after initiation.
It's active metabolize are responsible for its side effects.
Warning are SIADH and hyponatremia.
Side effects are blurred vision, diplopia, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth,
vitamin D, and calcium deficiency, bone loss, and increase liver functions
Strong inducer and autoinducer - ANSWER Carbamazepine, decreases
concentrations of levothyroxine, warfarin, and other anti-epileptic drugs. It increases
its own metabolism to decrease its half-life from 36 hours to 8 to 12 hours.
Oxcarbamazepine MOA - ANSWER Black voltage, gated, sodium channels, and
inhibits repetitive firing which decreases synaptic impulses. It is an analog of
carbamazepine.
Oxcarbazepine treats - ANSWER Partial or focal seizures
Valproic Acid MOA - ANSWER Increase sodium channel inactivation, increase
GABA concentration by inhibiting GABA transaminase
Valproic acid treats - ANSWER Primary generalized epilepsies
