Advanced Health Assessment and Diagnostic Reasoning
4th Edition Rhoads Test Bank
Basic Densities on X-ray - ANSWER Air: Blackest, Fat, Fluid/Soft Tissues,
Calcium, Metal (Whitest)
Nexus Criteria Points - ANSWER focal neurological deficit present, midline spinal
tenderness present, altered LOC, intoxication present, distracting injury present
Nexus criteria definition - ANSWER Clinical decision aid that can be used to r/o
cervical spine injury in trauma patients who are alert & stable without radiographic
imaging
When to use X-rays - ANSWER Best for bony structures and some soft tissue
diseases (e.g. pneumonia)
MRI indications - ANSWER Neurological conditions, muscles, ligaments, &
tendons
Types of Nuclear Medicine Studies - ANSWER SPECT, PET Scan
SPECT imaging - ANSWER Myocardial perfusion study, functional brain imaging
PET scan - ANSWER NM study, diagnosis of & treatment of cancer
Leukopenia - ANSWER WBC below 4,000
Leukopenia Causes - ANSWER Autoimmune, Lupus, Leukemia, Aplastic Anemia,
Bone Marrow Disorders, medications (chemo, antibiotics, anticonvulsants, cardiac)
Neutrophils Purpose/ Range - ANSWER Bacterial Infections
Lymphocytes Purpose/Range - ANSWER viral infections/ 19-48
Monocytes Purpose/ Range - ANSWER Chronic Infections (e.g. TB)/ 3.4-9
Eosinophils Purpose/ Range - ANSWER parasites/ 0-7
Basophils Purpose/ Range - ANSWER Bee stings, allergies/ 0-2.0
Hemoglobin Normal Range - ANSWER 10-16g/dl
Hematocrit Normal Range - ANSWER 37-47%
, Normal Total Cholesterol Range - ANSWER Less than 200: Normal, 200-239:
Borderline, >240: High
Cholesterol Screening Recommendations - ANSWER Start at age 20, then every 5
years until 40, then every 2-3 years, consider stopping at age 75
low-density lipoprotein (LDL) Range - ANSWER "bad cholesterol" <100 normal,
<190 start high intensity statin, goal is <70
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - ANSWER "good cholesterol" >40 males, >50
females
Triglycerides - ANSWER < 150, >500 treat triglycerides first, >1000 at risk for
pancreatitis
Symptoms of Hypocalcemia - ANSWER Signs of Tetany: Trousseau's Sign,
Chvostek's Sign, Seizures
Trousseau's sign - ANSWER A sign of hypocalcemia . Carpal spasm caused by
inflating a blood pressure cuff above the client's systolic pressure and leaving it in
place for 3 minutes.
Chovstek's sign - ANSWER Sign of hypocalcemia or hypomagnesemia; abnormal
functioning of the facial nerve causes a twitch on the same side of the face
Sodium Normal Range - ANSWER 136-145 mEq/L
Symptoms of hyponatremia - ANSWER < 125mEq, weakness, dehydration
90-105 severe neuro s/s, vascular problems
Symptoms of Hypernatremia - ANSWER Cardiovascular and renal symptoms,
>160: heart failure
BUN Normal Range - ANSWER 6-10mg/L
Creatinine Range - ANSWER Men: 0.9-1.3mg/dL
Women: 0.6-1.1mg/dL
Stage 1 Kidney Disease - ANSWER GFR range 90-130, kidney damage with
normal functioning
Stage 2 Kidney Disease - ANSWER 60-90, kidney damage with mild decreased
kidney function
Stage 3 Kidney Disease - ANSWER 30-60, moderate decreased kidney function
Stage 4 Kidney Disease - ANSWER 15-30, severe decreased kidney function
Stage 5 Kidney Disease - ANSWER 0-15, kidney failure
4th Edition Rhoads Test Bank
Basic Densities on X-ray - ANSWER Air: Blackest, Fat, Fluid/Soft Tissues,
Calcium, Metal (Whitest)
Nexus Criteria Points - ANSWER focal neurological deficit present, midline spinal
tenderness present, altered LOC, intoxication present, distracting injury present
Nexus criteria definition - ANSWER Clinical decision aid that can be used to r/o
cervical spine injury in trauma patients who are alert & stable without radiographic
imaging
When to use X-rays - ANSWER Best for bony structures and some soft tissue
diseases (e.g. pneumonia)
MRI indications - ANSWER Neurological conditions, muscles, ligaments, &
tendons
Types of Nuclear Medicine Studies - ANSWER SPECT, PET Scan
SPECT imaging - ANSWER Myocardial perfusion study, functional brain imaging
PET scan - ANSWER NM study, diagnosis of & treatment of cancer
Leukopenia - ANSWER WBC below 4,000
Leukopenia Causes - ANSWER Autoimmune, Lupus, Leukemia, Aplastic Anemia,
Bone Marrow Disorders, medications (chemo, antibiotics, anticonvulsants, cardiac)
Neutrophils Purpose/ Range - ANSWER Bacterial Infections
Lymphocytes Purpose/Range - ANSWER viral infections/ 19-48
Monocytes Purpose/ Range - ANSWER Chronic Infections (e.g. TB)/ 3.4-9
Eosinophils Purpose/ Range - ANSWER parasites/ 0-7
Basophils Purpose/ Range - ANSWER Bee stings, allergies/ 0-2.0
Hemoglobin Normal Range - ANSWER 10-16g/dl
Hematocrit Normal Range - ANSWER 37-47%
, Normal Total Cholesterol Range - ANSWER Less than 200: Normal, 200-239:
Borderline, >240: High
Cholesterol Screening Recommendations - ANSWER Start at age 20, then every 5
years until 40, then every 2-3 years, consider stopping at age 75
low-density lipoprotein (LDL) Range - ANSWER "bad cholesterol" <100 normal,
<190 start high intensity statin, goal is <70
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - ANSWER "good cholesterol" >40 males, >50
females
Triglycerides - ANSWER < 150, >500 treat triglycerides first, >1000 at risk for
pancreatitis
Symptoms of Hypocalcemia - ANSWER Signs of Tetany: Trousseau's Sign,
Chvostek's Sign, Seizures
Trousseau's sign - ANSWER A sign of hypocalcemia . Carpal spasm caused by
inflating a blood pressure cuff above the client's systolic pressure and leaving it in
place for 3 minutes.
Chovstek's sign - ANSWER Sign of hypocalcemia or hypomagnesemia; abnormal
functioning of the facial nerve causes a twitch on the same side of the face
Sodium Normal Range - ANSWER 136-145 mEq/L
Symptoms of hyponatremia - ANSWER < 125mEq, weakness, dehydration
90-105 severe neuro s/s, vascular problems
Symptoms of Hypernatremia - ANSWER Cardiovascular and renal symptoms,
>160: heart failure
BUN Normal Range - ANSWER 6-10mg/L
Creatinine Range - ANSWER Men: 0.9-1.3mg/dL
Women: 0.6-1.1mg/dL
Stage 1 Kidney Disease - ANSWER GFR range 90-130, kidney damage with
normal functioning
Stage 2 Kidney Disease - ANSWER 60-90, kidney damage with mild decreased
kidney function
Stage 3 Kidney Disease - ANSWER 30-60, moderate decreased kidney function
Stage 4 Kidney Disease - ANSWER 15-30, severe decreased kidney function
Stage 5 Kidney Disease - ANSWER 0-15, kidney failure
