NR566 Advanced Pharmacology Care of the Family
Midterm Review Quiz bank | LATEST, Questions and
Verified Answers | Chamberlain College
β-lactam antibiotic MOA - ANSWER All antibiotics in class share the same
mechanism of action: disruption of the bacterial cell wall.
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Empiric Therapy - ANSWER start treatment without cultures or prior to receiving
the results of a culture
immediate empiric antibiotics - ANSWER Critically ill patients receive (Fill in the
Answer) after the first set of cultures obtained; do not wait for results.
Bactericidal antibiotics - ANSWER Directly kill bacteria: Agents include
aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, metronidazole, most
antimycobacterial agents, streptogramins, and vancomycin.
preferred for immunocompromised patients such as those with diabetes, HIV, or
cancer and for those who have overwhelming infections
Bacteriostatic agents - ANSWER inhibit bacterial proliferation while the host's
immune system does the killing. Agents include clindamycin, macrolides,
sulfonamides, and tetracyclines
β-lactam Antibiotics - ANSWER Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems,
Monobactams
Penicillins MOA - ANSWER Weaken bacterial cell wall by two actions:
(1) inhibition of transpeptidases
(2) disinhibition (activation) of autolysins.
PBPs (Penicillin Binding Proteins) - ANSWER Transpeptidases, Autolysins, and
other bacterial enzymes are collectively named as because antibiotic class must bind
to them to produce antibacterial effects.
gram-positive bacteria - ANSWER two layers: the cytoplasmic membrane and a
relatively thick cell wall; penicillins are generally very active against these organisms.
gram-negative bacteria - ANSWER three layers: the cytoplasmic membrane, a
relatively thin cell wall, and an additional outer membrane; only certain penicillins
(e.g., ampicillin) are able to cross and reach penicillin binding proteins (PBPs)
,Four Major Groups of Penicillins - ANSWER (1) narrow-spectrum penicillins that
are penicillinase sensitive
(2) narrow-spectrum penicillins that are penicillinase resistant (antistaphylococcal
penicillins)
(3) broad-spectrum penicillins (aminopenicillins)
(4) extended-spectrum penicillins (antipseudomonal penicillins).
narrow-spectrum penicillins: Penicillinase sensitive penicillins - ANSWER Penicillin
G, Penicillin V
narrow-spectrum penicillinase sensitive susceptible pathogens - ANSWER
Streptococci, Neisseria, anaerobes
very narrow antimicrobial spectrum and are used only against penicillinase-
producing strains of staphylococci (S. aureus and S. epidermidis). - ANSWER
narrow-spectrum penicillins: penicillinase resistant penicillins
narrow-spectrum penicillins: penicillinase resistant penicillins - ANSWER Nafcillin,
Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin
narrow-spectrum- penicillinase resistant susceptible pathogens - ANSWER S.
Aureus, S. Epidermidis
Drugs of choice for most staphylococcal infections - ANSWER penicillinase-
resistant penicillins (Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin)
Broad spectrum Penicillin: Aminopenicillins - ANSWER Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
Broad spectrum Aminopenicillin susceptible pathogens - ANSWER Haemophilus
influenzae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, enterococci, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Extended spectrum penicillins (antipseudomonal penicillin) - ANSWER Piperacillin
Has the same antimicrobial spectrum as penicillin G, plus increased activity against
certain gram-negative bacilli, including Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli,
and Salmonella and Shigella - ANSWER Broad spectrum Penicillin:
Aminopenicillins
First line for acute otitis media and sinusitis - ANSWER Amoxicillin
Extended spectrum penicillins suceptible pathogens - ANSWER Haemophilus
influenzae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, enterococci, Neisseria gonorrhoeae,
pseudomonas, enterobactor, klebsiella
Principle pathogenic target of Piperacillin - ANSWER Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, beta-lactamase inhibitors to broaden penicillin spectrum - ANSWER clavulanate,
sulbactam, tazobactam
Penicillin/Beta-Lactamase Combinations - ANSWER Ampicillin/sulbactam
(Unasyn)
Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin)
Piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn)
MRSA Drug of Choice - ANSWER Vancomycin
Most Important AE of Penicillins - ANSWER Hypersensitivity Reaction
Drug of choice when history of anaphylaxis or some other severe allergic reaction to
penicillins - ANSWER Avoid cephalosporin;
Vancomycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin are effective and safe alternatives for
patients with penicillin allergy.
Common drug used to treat bacterial infections in children. - ANSWER Penicillins
First line treatment for infection following animal or human bites - ANSWER
Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin)
Medication common for streptococcal pharyngitis - ANSWER Penicillin
Penicillin Risk in Pregnancy - ANSWER evidence suggests there is no second or
third trimester fetal risk
Penicillin Risk in Infants - ANSWER Used safely in infants with bacterial infections,
including syphilis, meningitis, and group A streptococcus.
Amoxicillin - ANSWER Safe use during breastfeeding
Penicillin Use in Older Adults - ANSWER Doses should be adjusted in older adults
with renal dysfunction.
Cephalosporins - ANSWER β-lactam antibiotics similar in structure and actions to
the penicillins.
Are bactericidal, often resistant to β-lactamases, and active against a broad
spectrum of pathogens.
Useful alternative with mild penicillin allergy
Cephalosporins MOA - ANSWER Bactericidal drug similar to penicillins that bind to
penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs):
(1) disrupt cell wall synthesis
(2) activate autolysins (enzymes that cleave bonds in the cell wall). The resultant
damage to the cell wall causes death by lysis. Most effective against cells
undergoing active growth and division.
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) - ANSWER Cephalosporin eliminated largely by the liver.
Dosage reduction is not necessary in patients with renal impairment.
Midterm Review Quiz bank | LATEST, Questions and
Verified Answers | Chamberlain College
β-lactam antibiotic MOA - ANSWER All antibiotics in class share the same
mechanism of action: disruption of the bacterial cell wall.
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Empiric Therapy - ANSWER start treatment without cultures or prior to receiving
the results of a culture
immediate empiric antibiotics - ANSWER Critically ill patients receive (Fill in the
Answer) after the first set of cultures obtained; do not wait for results.
Bactericidal antibiotics - ANSWER Directly kill bacteria: Agents include
aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, metronidazole, most
antimycobacterial agents, streptogramins, and vancomycin.
preferred for immunocompromised patients such as those with diabetes, HIV, or
cancer and for those who have overwhelming infections
Bacteriostatic agents - ANSWER inhibit bacterial proliferation while the host's
immune system does the killing. Agents include clindamycin, macrolides,
sulfonamides, and tetracyclines
β-lactam Antibiotics - ANSWER Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems,
Monobactams
Penicillins MOA - ANSWER Weaken bacterial cell wall by two actions:
(1) inhibition of transpeptidases
(2) disinhibition (activation) of autolysins.
PBPs (Penicillin Binding Proteins) - ANSWER Transpeptidases, Autolysins, and
other bacterial enzymes are collectively named as because antibiotic class must bind
to them to produce antibacterial effects.
gram-positive bacteria - ANSWER two layers: the cytoplasmic membrane and a
relatively thick cell wall; penicillins are generally very active against these organisms.
gram-negative bacteria - ANSWER three layers: the cytoplasmic membrane, a
relatively thin cell wall, and an additional outer membrane; only certain penicillins
(e.g., ampicillin) are able to cross and reach penicillin binding proteins (PBPs)
,Four Major Groups of Penicillins - ANSWER (1) narrow-spectrum penicillins that
are penicillinase sensitive
(2) narrow-spectrum penicillins that are penicillinase resistant (antistaphylococcal
penicillins)
(3) broad-spectrum penicillins (aminopenicillins)
(4) extended-spectrum penicillins (antipseudomonal penicillins).
narrow-spectrum penicillins: Penicillinase sensitive penicillins - ANSWER Penicillin
G, Penicillin V
narrow-spectrum penicillinase sensitive susceptible pathogens - ANSWER
Streptococci, Neisseria, anaerobes
very narrow antimicrobial spectrum and are used only against penicillinase-
producing strains of staphylococci (S. aureus and S. epidermidis). - ANSWER
narrow-spectrum penicillins: penicillinase resistant penicillins
narrow-spectrum penicillins: penicillinase resistant penicillins - ANSWER Nafcillin,
Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin
narrow-spectrum- penicillinase resistant susceptible pathogens - ANSWER S.
Aureus, S. Epidermidis
Drugs of choice for most staphylococcal infections - ANSWER penicillinase-
resistant penicillins (Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin)
Broad spectrum Penicillin: Aminopenicillins - ANSWER Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
Broad spectrum Aminopenicillin susceptible pathogens - ANSWER Haemophilus
influenzae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, enterococci, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Extended spectrum penicillins (antipseudomonal penicillin) - ANSWER Piperacillin
Has the same antimicrobial spectrum as penicillin G, plus increased activity against
certain gram-negative bacilli, including Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli,
and Salmonella and Shigella - ANSWER Broad spectrum Penicillin:
Aminopenicillins
First line for acute otitis media and sinusitis - ANSWER Amoxicillin
Extended spectrum penicillins suceptible pathogens - ANSWER Haemophilus
influenzae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, enterococci, Neisseria gonorrhoeae,
pseudomonas, enterobactor, klebsiella
Principle pathogenic target of Piperacillin - ANSWER Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, beta-lactamase inhibitors to broaden penicillin spectrum - ANSWER clavulanate,
sulbactam, tazobactam
Penicillin/Beta-Lactamase Combinations - ANSWER Ampicillin/sulbactam
(Unasyn)
Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin)
Piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn)
MRSA Drug of Choice - ANSWER Vancomycin
Most Important AE of Penicillins - ANSWER Hypersensitivity Reaction
Drug of choice when history of anaphylaxis or some other severe allergic reaction to
penicillins - ANSWER Avoid cephalosporin;
Vancomycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin are effective and safe alternatives for
patients with penicillin allergy.
Common drug used to treat bacterial infections in children. - ANSWER Penicillins
First line treatment for infection following animal or human bites - ANSWER
Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin)
Medication common for streptococcal pharyngitis - ANSWER Penicillin
Penicillin Risk in Pregnancy - ANSWER evidence suggests there is no second or
third trimester fetal risk
Penicillin Risk in Infants - ANSWER Used safely in infants with bacterial infections,
including syphilis, meningitis, and group A streptococcus.
Amoxicillin - ANSWER Safe use during breastfeeding
Penicillin Use in Older Adults - ANSWER Doses should be adjusted in older adults
with renal dysfunction.
Cephalosporins - ANSWER β-lactam antibiotics similar in structure and actions to
the penicillins.
Are bactericidal, often resistant to β-lactamases, and active against a broad
spectrum of pathogens.
Useful alternative with mild penicillin allergy
Cephalosporins MOA - ANSWER Bactericidal drug similar to penicillins that bind to
penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs):
(1) disrupt cell wall synthesis
(2) activate autolysins (enzymes that cleave bonds in the cell wall). The resultant
damage to the cell wall causes death by lysis. Most effective against cells
undergoing active growth and division.
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) - ANSWER Cephalosporin eliminated largely by the liver.
Dosage reduction is not necessary in patients with renal impairment.
