TEST BANK FOR PHARMACOLOGY FOR NURSES: A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC APPROACH, 7th EDITION BY ADAM, HOLLAND, AND CHANG
History of Pharmacology - ANSWER - began when humans first used plants to relieve disease symptoms
- 3000 B.C. Babylonians recorded the earliest surviving "prescriptions"
- Pharmacology could not advance until science viewed as legitimate by religious doctrine
- modern pharmacology thought to begin in early 1800s
- first department of pharmacology established in 1847
John Jacob Abel - ANSWER - Father of American pharmacology
- founded the first pharmacology department of Pharmacology in the US in 1890
Twentieth Century Pharmacology - ANSWER - Pharmacologists could synthesize drugs
- a better understanding of the mechanism of action for drugs
Current Pharmacology - ANSWER - the central focus is on the quality of life - health professionals should remember the roots of pharmacology and the use of herbal remedies to relieve human pain
Pharmacology - ANSWER - Derived from two Greek words:
1. Pharmakon = medicine
2. Logos = study
- defined as the study of medicine
Therapeutics - ANSWER focuses on disease prevention as well as treatment and pain
Pharmacotherapy - ANSWER the application of drugs for treating disease and alleviating pain
Therapeutic Agents: 3 Categories - ANSWER - Drugs or medications
- Biologics and biosimilar drugs - Complementary and alternative medicine therapies
Drug - ANSWER - A chemical agent capable of producing biological responses within the body
- responses may be desirable (therapeutic) or undesirable (adverse)
Medication - ANSWER Drug after it is administered Drugs and Medications - ANSWER - Mary be considered part of the body's normal activities - Essential gases we breathe - Foods we eat
Biologics - ANSWER - Agents naturally produced in animal cells, by microorganisms, or by the body itself - Large complex molecules or mixtures of molecules - Examples: - Hormones - Monoclonal antibodies - Natural blood products - Interferons - Vaccines
Biosimilar Drugs - ANSWER - Chemically synthesized - closely related to biologic medications
Complementary and Alternative Therapies - ANSWER - aka CAM therapies
- involve natural plant extracts, herbs, vitamins, minerals, and dietary supplements
- body-based practices: - physical therapy - massage - acupuncture - hypnosis - biofeedback
Classification of Drugs - ANSWER - Therapeutic classification = organized based on therapeutic usefulness - pharmacologic classification = organization based on the way the drug works at a molecular, tissue, or body system level, often represents mechanism of action
Anticoagulant - ANSWER - therapeutic classification
- influence blood clotting
Antihyperlipidemic - ANSWER - therapeutic classification
- lower blood cholesterol
Antihypertensive - ANSWER - therapeutic classification
- lower blood pressure
Antidysrhythmic - ANSWER - therapeutic classification
- restore normal cardiac rhythm
Antianginal - ANSWER - therapeutic classification
- treat angina
Diuretic - ANSWER - pharmacologic classification
- lowers plasma volume
History of Pharmacology - ANSWER - began when humans first used plants to relieve disease symptoms
- 3000 B.C. Babylonians recorded the earliest surviving "prescriptions"
- Pharmacology could not advance until science viewed as legitimate by religious doctrine
- modern pharmacology thought to begin in early 1800s
- first department of pharmacology established in 1847
John Jacob Abel - ANSWER - Father of American pharmacology
- founded the first pharmacology department of Pharmacology in the US in 1890
Twentieth Century Pharmacology - ANSWER - Pharmacologists could synthesize drugs
- a better understanding of the mechanism of action for drugs
Current Pharmacology - ANSWER - the central focus is on the quality of life - health professionals should remember the roots of pharmacology and the use of herbal remedies to relieve human pain
Pharmacology - ANSWER - Derived from two Greek words:
1. Pharmakon = medicine
2. Logos = study
- defined as the study of medicine
Therapeutics - ANSWER focuses on disease prevention as well as treatment and pain
Pharmacotherapy - ANSWER the application of drugs for treating disease and alleviating pain
Therapeutic Agents: 3 Categories - ANSWER - Drugs or medications
- Biologics and biosimilar drugs - Complementary and alternative medicine therapies
Drug - ANSWER - A chemical agent capable of producing biological responses within the body
- responses may be desirable (therapeutic) or undesirable (adverse)
Medication - ANSWER Drug after it is administered Drugs and Medications - ANSWER - Mary be considered part of the body's normal activities - Essential gases we breathe - Foods we eat
Biologics - ANSWER - Agents naturally produced in animal cells, by microorganisms, or by the body itself - Large complex molecules or mixtures of molecules - Examples: - Hormones - Monoclonal antibodies - Natural blood products - Interferons - Vaccines
Biosimilar Drugs - ANSWER - Chemically synthesized - closely related to biologic medications
Complementary and Alternative Therapies - ANSWER - aka CAM therapies
- involve natural plant extracts, herbs, vitamins, minerals, and dietary supplements
- body-based practices: - physical therapy - massage - acupuncture - hypnosis - biofeedback
Classification of Drugs - ANSWER - Therapeutic classification = organized based on therapeutic usefulness - pharmacologic classification = organization based on the way the drug works at a molecular, tissue, or body system level, often represents mechanism of action
Anticoagulant - ANSWER - therapeutic classification
- influence blood clotting
Antihyperlipidemic - ANSWER - therapeutic classification
- lower blood cholesterol
Antihypertensive - ANSWER - therapeutic classification
- lower blood pressure
Antidysrhythmic - ANSWER - therapeutic classification
- restore normal cardiac rhythm
Antianginal - ANSWER - therapeutic classification
- treat angina
Diuretic - ANSWER - pharmacologic classification
- lowers plasma volume
