TEST BANK FOR PHARMACOLOGY FOR NURSES: A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC APPROACH, 7th EDITION BY ADAM, HOLLAND, AND CHANG
Hormones from _____ and _______ provide for growth and maintenance of the female reproductive organs. - ANSWER Pituitary gland and gonads
What organs are associated with the regulation of female reproductive system? - ANSWER Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovary
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is secreted from the.. - ANSWER Hypothalamus
Follicle stimulating hormone & leutinizing hormone secreted from the.. - ANSWER Pituitary
FSH & LH act on the ovary to.. - ANSWER Cause immature ovarian follicles to begin developing
How & when does the process of ovulation occur? - ANSWER On day 14 of the ovarian cycle, surge of LH secretion causes one follicle to expel its oocyte
What is the corpus luteum and how is it developed? - ANSWER a hormone-
secreting structure that develops in an ovary after an ovum has been discharged but degenerates after a few days unless pregnancy has begun
- developed from the ruptured follicle that remains in the ovary
Estrogen is a generic term for what 3 different hormones? - ANSWER 1. Estradiol
2. Estrone
3. Estriol
What kind of metabolic effects does estrogen have on non-reproductive tissues? - ANSWER 1. maintain low blood cholesterol levels
2. facilitates calcium uptake by bones to help maintain proper bone density
Name a few responsibilities of the combination of estrogen and progesterone. - ANSWER 1. promotion of breast development 2. regulation of monthly changes of the uterine cycles
3. uterine endometrium becomes vascular and thickens in preparation for receiving a
fertilized egg
What does high progesterone and estrogen levels in the final third uterine cycle do? -
ANSWER - provides negative feedback to shut off GnRH, FSH, & LH secretion What happens when FSH & LH is not secreted? - ANSWER - estrogen and progesterone levels fall, endometrium is shed, and menstrual bleeding begins
Oral contraceptives are made up of.. - ANSWER - combination of estrogen and progestin or - just progestin
What is the most common estrogen used in oral contraceptives? - ANSWER Ethinyl estradiol
What is the most common progestin used in oral contraceptives? - ANSWER norethindrone
Describe the drug administration of oral contraceptives (begin date, length of administration, etc) - ANSWER - Begin on day 5 of the ovarian cycle
- Continue taking the drug for 21 days
- 7 days is a placebo
What does the placebo contain and what is the purpose of having a placebo? - ANSWER - Purpose: to promote taking the pill on a daily basis
- Some contain iron to replace iron lost from menstrual bleeding
What happens if the daily does is missed? - ANSWER - Client takes 2 pills the following day it was missed
- if more than 1 day is missed, client should also take other contraceptives
How do estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives work? - ANSWER - provides negative feedback to the pituitary to shut down secretion of FSH and LH - no FSH and LH means no maturation of the ovarian follicle, thus preventing pregnancy
- reduces likelihood of implantation bc of the less favourable environment to receive an embryo
- agents are also used to prevent dysmenorrhea
What are the 3 types of estrogen-progesterone formulations? - ANSWER 1. monophasic
2. biphasic
3. triphasic
Which is the most common estrogen-progesterone formulation? Why? - ANSWER - monophasic
- delivers a constant amount of estrogen & progestin throughout the menstrual cycle
T/F: estrogen and progestin are delivered in constant amounts with biphasic formulations - ANSWER False
Estrogen is constant but progestin is not
- progestin is increased toward the end of the menstrual cycle to nourish the uterine lining
What is another word for progestin only oral contraceptives? - ANSWER minipills
Hormones from _____ and _______ provide for growth and maintenance of the female reproductive organs. - ANSWER Pituitary gland and gonads
What organs are associated with the regulation of female reproductive system? - ANSWER Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovary
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is secreted from the.. - ANSWER Hypothalamus
Follicle stimulating hormone & leutinizing hormone secreted from the.. - ANSWER Pituitary
FSH & LH act on the ovary to.. - ANSWER Cause immature ovarian follicles to begin developing
How & when does the process of ovulation occur? - ANSWER On day 14 of the ovarian cycle, surge of LH secretion causes one follicle to expel its oocyte
What is the corpus luteum and how is it developed? - ANSWER a hormone-
secreting structure that develops in an ovary after an ovum has been discharged but degenerates after a few days unless pregnancy has begun
- developed from the ruptured follicle that remains in the ovary
Estrogen is a generic term for what 3 different hormones? - ANSWER 1. Estradiol
2. Estrone
3. Estriol
What kind of metabolic effects does estrogen have on non-reproductive tissues? - ANSWER 1. maintain low blood cholesterol levels
2. facilitates calcium uptake by bones to help maintain proper bone density
Name a few responsibilities of the combination of estrogen and progesterone. - ANSWER 1. promotion of breast development 2. regulation of monthly changes of the uterine cycles
3. uterine endometrium becomes vascular and thickens in preparation for receiving a
fertilized egg
What does high progesterone and estrogen levels in the final third uterine cycle do? -
ANSWER - provides negative feedback to shut off GnRH, FSH, & LH secretion What happens when FSH & LH is not secreted? - ANSWER - estrogen and progesterone levels fall, endometrium is shed, and menstrual bleeding begins
Oral contraceptives are made up of.. - ANSWER - combination of estrogen and progestin or - just progestin
What is the most common estrogen used in oral contraceptives? - ANSWER Ethinyl estradiol
What is the most common progestin used in oral contraceptives? - ANSWER norethindrone
Describe the drug administration of oral contraceptives (begin date, length of administration, etc) - ANSWER - Begin on day 5 of the ovarian cycle
- Continue taking the drug for 21 days
- 7 days is a placebo
What does the placebo contain and what is the purpose of having a placebo? - ANSWER - Purpose: to promote taking the pill on a daily basis
- Some contain iron to replace iron lost from menstrual bleeding
What happens if the daily does is missed? - ANSWER - Client takes 2 pills the following day it was missed
- if more than 1 day is missed, client should also take other contraceptives
How do estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives work? - ANSWER - provides negative feedback to the pituitary to shut down secretion of FSH and LH - no FSH and LH means no maturation of the ovarian follicle, thus preventing pregnancy
- reduces likelihood of implantation bc of the less favourable environment to receive an embryo
- agents are also used to prevent dysmenorrhea
What are the 3 types of estrogen-progesterone formulations? - ANSWER 1. monophasic
2. biphasic
3. triphasic
Which is the most common estrogen-progesterone formulation? Why? - ANSWER - monophasic
- delivers a constant amount of estrogen & progestin throughout the menstrual cycle
T/F: estrogen and progestin are delivered in constant amounts with biphasic formulations - ANSWER False
Estrogen is constant but progestin is not
- progestin is increased toward the end of the menstrual cycle to nourish the uterine lining
What is another word for progestin only oral contraceptives? - ANSWER minipills
