ATI PN ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL PROCTORED EXAM 2023 NEWEST EXAM 90 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS /ALREADY GRADED A
***electrolyte imbalances: findings associated with hypocalcemia chapter 44 - ANSWER -Tetany most common. -parasthesia of the fingers and lips (early manifestations)
-muscle twitch
-seizure due to the irritability of the CNS
-frequent, painful muscle spasms at the rest in the foot and calf
-hyperactive DTRs
-positive chvostek's sign
-possitive trousseau's sign -history of thyroid surgery or irradiation of the upper chest or neck.
***head injury: making room assignments for a group of clients chapter 14 - ANSWER A. Close monitoring of the client's vital signs and neurological status will allow early reporting of changes in the GCS score, an increase in the blood pressure, and an alteration in respiratory pattern and effort.
B. Care should include professionals from other disciplines as indicated. This may include physical, occupational, recreational, and/or speech therapists due to neurological deficits that may occur secondary to the area of the brain damaged.
C. Social services should be contacted to provide links to social service agencies and schools.
infection control: admitting a client who has pertussis chapter 11 FUND - ANSWER tuberculosis: client interventions to mange infections chapter 23 - ANSWER exposed family should be tested for TB. Educate on following the full medication regimen of 6-12 months, even up to 2 years for multi-drug resistant TB. Instruct follow up care for 1 full year. Sputum samples are needed q2-4 weeks. Clients are no longer infectoius afer three negative sputum cultures. Cover nose and mouth while sneezing. With active TB wear a mask in public places or in a crowd.
cardiovascular and hematologic disorders: dietary teaching with a client with heart failure chapter 12 NUTRITION - ANSWER ***pituitary disorders: interventions for a client who has diabetes insipidus chapter 77
- ANSWER obtain baseline weight, vitals, serum electrolytes and osmolarity, and urine specific gravity. monitor hourly vital signs, urine specific gravity and weight. Discontinue the test and re hydrate the client for loss of more than 2 kg in body weight. Monitor for severe dehydration such as hypotension, tachycardia, and dizziness. Advise client to report dizziness, headache, and nausea. Promote regular diet, IV therapy for hydration I&Os matched to prevent dehydration. electrolyte replacement. Promote safety. Add bulk foods and fruit juices to diet. Possible laxatives. Provide mouth an skin care. Soft toothbrush and mild mouthwash to avoid trauma to oral mucosa. Encourage to drink fluids in respnse to thirst. Assess skin turgor. May give desmopressin which is a synthetic ADH which results in increased water absorption from kidneys and decreased urine output.
***emergency nursing principles and management: adverse effects following epinephrine administration chapter 2 - ANSWER can lead to hypertensive crisis. May lead to angina. Monitor for Dysrhythmias, change in heart rate, and chest pain. Monitor for hyperglycemia in clients with diabetes mellitus.
pulmonary embolism: planning care for a client who is receiving enoxaparin chatper 24 - ANSWER A. Assess for contraindications (active bleeding, peptic ulcer disease, history of stroke, recent trauma).
B. Monitor bleeding times. Prothrombin time (PT) & international normalized ration (INR), partial thromboplastin time, & complete blood count. C. Monitor for side effects of anticoagulants (anemia, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage).
***rheumatoid arthritis: reviewing lab values chapter 88 - ANSWER A. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and high-sensitivity B. C-reactive protein may be increased slightly related to secondary synovitis. C. Osteoarthritis without synovitis is not an inflammatory disorder.
***cardiovascular diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: teaching about a peripherally inserted central catheter chapter 27 - ANSWER can last up to 12 months. used for the administration of blood, long term chemo agents, antibiotics, and TPN. During the insertion, the procedure is sterile. Should be confirmed placement with an X-ray. clean with alcohol for 15 seconds and left dry fully before accessing it. use a transparent dressing. change dressing q7days. 10mL syringe for flushing before and after. use 20mL after drawing blood. if the PICC is not actively used, flush with 5mL heparin.
medications affecting blood pressure: administering valsartan for heart failure chapter 20 PHARM - ANSWER A. Do not take this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. B. You may take valsartan with or without food. C. Take the medicine at the same time each day
***pharmacokinetics and routes of administration: discharge teaching about a metered-dose inhaler chapter 46 FUND - ANSWER A. Remove the cap from the inhaler mouthpiece.
B. Shake the inhaler five or six times.
C. Hold the inhaler with the mouthpiece at the bottom.
***stroke: administration of tissue plasminogen activator chapter 15 - ANSWER A. dissolving a clot or preventing new clots during the first 24 hr.
***electrolyte imbalances: findings associated with hypocalcemia chapter 44 - ANSWER -Tetany most common. -parasthesia of the fingers and lips (early manifestations)
-muscle twitch
-seizure due to the irritability of the CNS
-frequent, painful muscle spasms at the rest in the foot and calf
-hyperactive DTRs
-positive chvostek's sign
-possitive trousseau's sign -history of thyroid surgery or irradiation of the upper chest or neck.
***head injury: making room assignments for a group of clients chapter 14 - ANSWER A. Close monitoring of the client's vital signs and neurological status will allow early reporting of changes in the GCS score, an increase in the blood pressure, and an alteration in respiratory pattern and effort.
B. Care should include professionals from other disciplines as indicated. This may include physical, occupational, recreational, and/or speech therapists due to neurological deficits that may occur secondary to the area of the brain damaged.
C. Social services should be contacted to provide links to social service agencies and schools.
infection control: admitting a client who has pertussis chapter 11 FUND - ANSWER tuberculosis: client interventions to mange infections chapter 23 - ANSWER exposed family should be tested for TB. Educate on following the full medication regimen of 6-12 months, even up to 2 years for multi-drug resistant TB. Instruct follow up care for 1 full year. Sputum samples are needed q2-4 weeks. Clients are no longer infectoius afer three negative sputum cultures. Cover nose and mouth while sneezing. With active TB wear a mask in public places or in a crowd.
cardiovascular and hematologic disorders: dietary teaching with a client with heart failure chapter 12 NUTRITION - ANSWER ***pituitary disorders: interventions for a client who has diabetes insipidus chapter 77
- ANSWER obtain baseline weight, vitals, serum electrolytes and osmolarity, and urine specific gravity. monitor hourly vital signs, urine specific gravity and weight. Discontinue the test and re hydrate the client for loss of more than 2 kg in body weight. Monitor for severe dehydration such as hypotension, tachycardia, and dizziness. Advise client to report dizziness, headache, and nausea. Promote regular diet, IV therapy for hydration I&Os matched to prevent dehydration. electrolyte replacement. Promote safety. Add bulk foods and fruit juices to diet. Possible laxatives. Provide mouth an skin care. Soft toothbrush and mild mouthwash to avoid trauma to oral mucosa. Encourage to drink fluids in respnse to thirst. Assess skin turgor. May give desmopressin which is a synthetic ADH which results in increased water absorption from kidneys and decreased urine output.
***emergency nursing principles and management: adverse effects following epinephrine administration chapter 2 - ANSWER can lead to hypertensive crisis. May lead to angina. Monitor for Dysrhythmias, change in heart rate, and chest pain. Monitor for hyperglycemia in clients with diabetes mellitus.
pulmonary embolism: planning care for a client who is receiving enoxaparin chatper 24 - ANSWER A. Assess for contraindications (active bleeding, peptic ulcer disease, history of stroke, recent trauma).
B. Monitor bleeding times. Prothrombin time (PT) & international normalized ration (INR), partial thromboplastin time, & complete blood count. C. Monitor for side effects of anticoagulants (anemia, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage).
***rheumatoid arthritis: reviewing lab values chapter 88 - ANSWER A. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and high-sensitivity B. C-reactive protein may be increased slightly related to secondary synovitis. C. Osteoarthritis without synovitis is not an inflammatory disorder.
***cardiovascular diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: teaching about a peripherally inserted central catheter chapter 27 - ANSWER can last up to 12 months. used for the administration of blood, long term chemo agents, antibiotics, and TPN. During the insertion, the procedure is sterile. Should be confirmed placement with an X-ray. clean with alcohol for 15 seconds and left dry fully before accessing it. use a transparent dressing. change dressing q7days. 10mL syringe for flushing before and after. use 20mL after drawing blood. if the PICC is not actively used, flush with 5mL heparin.
medications affecting blood pressure: administering valsartan for heart failure chapter 20 PHARM - ANSWER A. Do not take this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. B. You may take valsartan with or without food. C. Take the medicine at the same time each day
***pharmacokinetics and routes of administration: discharge teaching about a metered-dose inhaler chapter 46 FUND - ANSWER A. Remove the cap from the inhaler mouthpiece.
B. Shake the inhaler five or six times.
C. Hold the inhaler with the mouthpiece at the bottom.
***stroke: administration of tissue plasminogen activator chapter 15 - ANSWER A. dissolving a clot or preventing new clots during the first 24 hr.
