INTERMEDIATE OPTOMETRY EXAM I
Tonic convergence is responsible for moving the eyes from anatomical position of rest to a more (convergent/divergent) position - answer- Convergent
Phoria position is known as... - answer- the physiological position of rest and is the position taken by the eyes when no stimuli to fusion is present (e.g. fusion broken)
What creates phoria position? - answer- Tonic convergence
Tonic component of vergence:
Two nonvisual components - answer- 1. tonus exhibited by the ocular muscles
2. persisting activity of converging information
Deficient tonic convergence results in (exophoria/esophoria)
Excessive tonic convergence results in (exophoria/esophoria) - answer- Deficient= Exophoria
Excessive= Esophoria
True or False Proximal component of vergence is voluntary convergence - answer- True
Voluntary convergence which takes place due to the awareness that an object is nearby
Proximal vergence is responsible for keeping an image single.
a. true
b. false - answer- b. false
think of phoropter just something near looming near makes eyes want to turn in
Proximal vergence cannot be directly __________ and can only be inferred - answer- measured
Near-point triad - answer- Accommodation
Pupil constriction
Convergence
Which components of the near-point triad can "drive" each other?
a. accommodation
b. pupil constriction
c. convergence - answer- accommodation can drive convergence
convergence can drive accommodation pupil constriction *does not* drive any component
What is a stimulus for accommodative component of vergence? - answer- BLUR
Disparity is a component of vergence. What are the two types? What is the stimulus? - answer- Reflex and fusional
Diploplia is a stimulus or even sub-sensory disparity Closer, proximal blur and not single -> fusional vergence
Put in order from most important to least
a. good cosmesis
b. clear vision
c. binocular vision
d. single image
e. comfortable - answer- d. single
b. clear vision
c. binocular
e. comfortable
a. good cosmesis
What is responsible for keeping an image clear? - answer- Convergence accommodation (CA/C) helps clear the fixation target as disparity vergence aligns the eyes to that target
Dual interaction - answer- Convergence accommodation (CA/C) assists the accommodation vergence (AC/A) and vice versa
Note: convergence --> accommodation and pupil constriction
accommodation--> convergence and pupil constriction
What happens when you look at something? - answer- a. information about target distance and clarity
b. tonic, proximal, and accommodative vergence (phoria)
c. vergence movements may cause accommodative response and pupillary response
d. remainder of disparity corrected by fusional vergence
(from outer to inner... proximal-accommodative-disparity-image)
Lateral vergence testing measures patient's ability to use horizontal vergence to maintain __________ vision - answer- binocular vision
Zone of Clear Single Binocular Vision (Fry's five fundamental variables) - answer- 1. Amplitude of accommodation
Tonic convergence is responsible for moving the eyes from anatomical position of rest to a more (convergent/divergent) position - answer- Convergent
Phoria position is known as... - answer- the physiological position of rest and is the position taken by the eyes when no stimuli to fusion is present (e.g. fusion broken)
What creates phoria position? - answer- Tonic convergence
Tonic component of vergence:
Two nonvisual components - answer- 1. tonus exhibited by the ocular muscles
2. persisting activity of converging information
Deficient tonic convergence results in (exophoria/esophoria)
Excessive tonic convergence results in (exophoria/esophoria) - answer- Deficient= Exophoria
Excessive= Esophoria
True or False Proximal component of vergence is voluntary convergence - answer- True
Voluntary convergence which takes place due to the awareness that an object is nearby
Proximal vergence is responsible for keeping an image single.
a. true
b. false - answer- b. false
think of phoropter just something near looming near makes eyes want to turn in
Proximal vergence cannot be directly __________ and can only be inferred - answer- measured
Near-point triad - answer- Accommodation
Pupil constriction
Convergence
Which components of the near-point triad can "drive" each other?
a. accommodation
b. pupil constriction
c. convergence - answer- accommodation can drive convergence
convergence can drive accommodation pupil constriction *does not* drive any component
What is a stimulus for accommodative component of vergence? - answer- BLUR
Disparity is a component of vergence. What are the two types? What is the stimulus? - answer- Reflex and fusional
Diploplia is a stimulus or even sub-sensory disparity Closer, proximal blur and not single -> fusional vergence
Put in order from most important to least
a. good cosmesis
b. clear vision
c. binocular vision
d. single image
e. comfortable - answer- d. single
b. clear vision
c. binocular
e. comfortable
a. good cosmesis
What is responsible for keeping an image clear? - answer- Convergence accommodation (CA/C) helps clear the fixation target as disparity vergence aligns the eyes to that target
Dual interaction - answer- Convergence accommodation (CA/C) assists the accommodation vergence (AC/A) and vice versa
Note: convergence --> accommodation and pupil constriction
accommodation--> convergence and pupil constriction
What happens when you look at something? - answer- a. information about target distance and clarity
b. tonic, proximal, and accommodative vergence (phoria)
c. vergence movements may cause accommodative response and pupillary response
d. remainder of disparity corrected by fusional vergence
(from outer to inner... proximal-accommodative-disparity-image)
Lateral vergence testing measures patient's ability to use horizontal vergence to maintain __________ vision - answer- binocular vision
Zone of Clear Single Binocular Vision (Fry's five fundamental variables) - answer- 1. Amplitude of accommodation
