Fluids and electrolytes for Exam #2 -Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified/ Latest Update

Fluids and electrolytes for Exam #2 -Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified/ Latest Update What is Magnesium? - ✔✔The second most abundant intracellular cation. Where is 50 - 60% of the bodys magnesium contained? - ✔✔Bone. What is magnesiums function? - ✔✔A coenzyme in the metabolism of carbohydrates and protein. It is also involved in metabolism of cellular nucleic acids and proteins. How is magnesium regulated? - ✔✔GI absorption and renal excretion. What is magnesium important for? - ✔✔Normal cardiac function. What is hypomagnesemia associated with? - ✔✔Cardiac dysrhythmias, such as premature ventricular contraction and ve ntricular fibrillation. What causes Hypermagnesemia? - ✔✔Renal failure (especially if patient is given magnesium products). Excessive administration of magnesium for treatment of eclampsia. Adrenal insufficiency. What are clinical manifestations of Hyper magnesemia? - ✔✔Mildly elevated - lethargy, drowsiness, and nausea and vomitting. Increased - DTR lost, followed by somnolence, and then respiratory and ultimately cardiac arrest. What is management of Hypermagnesemia? - ✔✔Prevention. Chronic kidney disea sed patients should not take magnesium containing drugs and review OTC drugs for magnesium. What is emergency treatment for Hypermagnesemia? - ✔✔IV of calcium chloride or calcium gluconate to physiologically oppose the effects of the magnesium on cardiac muscle. Promote urinary excretion. Impaired renal function will required dialysis. What are the causes of Hypomagnesemia? - ✔✔Diarrhea, vomiting, chronic alcoholism, impaired GI absorption, Mal -absorption syndrome, prolonged malnutrition, large urine output, NG suction, poorly controlled DM, hyperaldosteronism. What is the major cause of magnesi um deficiency? - ✔✔Prolonged fasting or starvation. How are mild magnesium deficiencies treated? - ✔✔Oral supplements and increased dietary intake of foods high in magnesium. What are foods high in magnesium? - ✔✔Green vegetables, nuts, bananas, oranges, peanut butter, chocolate. How are severe magnesium deficiencies treated? - ✔✔Parenteral IV or IM magnesium (e.g., magnesium sulfate). Slowly administered. What can rapid administration of magnesium lead too? - ✔✔Cardiac or respiratory arrest. What is t he normal value for Magnesium? - ✔✔1.5 - 2.5 mEq/L. What is hypomagnesemia? - ✔✔Low magensium level less than 1.5 mEq/L. What is hypermagnesemia? - ✔✔High magnesium level more than 2.5 mEq/L. What is the chemical symbol for Magnesium? - ✔✔Mg2+ What is Phosphorus? - ✔✔Primary anion in the ICF and is essential to the function of muscle, RBCs and the nervous system. What else is Phosphorus involved in? - ✔✔Acid -base buffering system, the mitochondrial energy production of ATP, cellular uptake and use of g lucose, and the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.