CSD 333 Final || Questions with complete solutions.
What is language? correct answers A system of symbols
Shared
Conventionalized
A tool for human communication
Morphemes correct answers Smallest units of language that carry meaning
eferentR correct answers An aspect of the world which is referred
Higher-level language skills correct answers They reflect cognitive acts like reasoning,
planning, problem solving
Modularity correct answers Refers to how the mind is organized within the structures of the
brain
Domain specific
Domain general
Language v. speech. v hearing correct answers Language - code to represent ideas (can be
expressed as speech, signs, or written language)
Speech - a neuromuscular activity involving production of sounds of language
Hearing - involves the reception of sound by the ear and transmission to the brain
Speech correct answers Requires muscular movements among several systems -
Respiration: breathing
Phonation: movements of vocal cords
Resonation: movements changing the nature of airflow through oral, nasal, and pharyngeal
spaces
Articulation: movements of the jaw, tongue, and lips for speech
not a language, a code and a physical act
Intact speech, impaired language correct answers In Wernicke's aphasia, speech sounds are
normal but meaning and language are impaired
Symbolic communication correct answers involves relation between a symbol (like a word)
and an entity
Preintentional communication correct answers There is intent, but referent is not clear
Intentional (iconic) communication correct answers Referent is clear from context
Components of communication correct answers Sender: formulation, transmission
-->
Shared mean: speech, gesture, sign, writing
-->
,Receiver: reception, comprehension
feedback
Feedback correct answers is information provided by the receiver to the sending
Kinds of feedback
- linguistic feedback
- non-linguistic (extralinguistic) feedback
- paralinguistic feedback
Conversation correct answers communication breakdowns
conversational repair
Purposes of communication correct answers Instrumental - ask for something
Regulatory - give directions, direct others
Interactional - interact and converse with others socially
Person - express a state of mind or feelings
Heuristic - find out information
Imaginative - tell stories and role play
Informative - provide a description of an event or object
Form correct answers How linguistic information is arranged to convey contact
Words have different requirements on their forms to construct grammatical sentences
Content correct answers Refers to the meaning of words
The lexicon is our mental dictionary
When meaning of words rely heavily on context, the language is contextualized
When there is little reliance on context, then language is decontextualized
Use correct answers Refers to how people "use" language to meet their needs
The use of language could be instrumental, regulatory, interactional, etc.
The child's language use primarily conveyed interactional and personal intent
Components of form, content, use correct answers Phonology - refers to rules governing the
way sounds make syllables and words
Phonology - the smallest unit of sound that can signal and difference in meaning (cat, mat,
bat, rat, etc.)
Allophones are variations on a phoneme sound
,(/p/ in pat vs. spat)
Morphology - refers to the organization of word parts (cat, cats, plural s marker, s inflectional
ending)
Syntax - refers to rules governing internal structure of sentences
Semantics - refers to meaning of words and word combinations
Pragmatics - refers to how language is used for social purposed
Unit 3 correct answers
Language acquisition correct answers Children develop language rapidly - FAST MAPPING
evidence for a critical period for language learning
Genie case correct answers Suggested that language mastery requires learning during a
critical period
Still, substantial learning can take place after the critical period
Acquisition rate correct answers Children's speedy rate of acquisition of linguistic info is a
remarkable feature of language
Universality correct answers People around the world have the same basic brain mechanisms
to learn language
Human brains are particularly well-suited to developing a symbolic spoken code (language)
Species specificity correct answers Non-human animals and insects have intentional
communication
Language is specific humans
Semanticity correct answers Language allows people to represent decontextualized events
- called semanticity or displacement
There is an arbitrary mapping between words (lexical items) and referents
Productivity correct answers the ability to combine different units into infinite new
combinations
Language differences correct answers Dialect - everyone has it
Bilingualism - code switching
Gender
Genetic predisposition
Language - learning environment
Prestige correct answers A dialect has overt prestige
, - if the dialect is considered standard or proper
- if used by the society as a whole
A dialect has covert prestige
- is considered local or restricted to one group (often working class)
- the features are considered non-standard or incorrect
African American Vernacular English (AAVE) correct answers Ex:
"That hers"
"I be talking"
"Mos"
Quantity correct answers Refers to
- properties of heard language
- "goodness" of the heard language
The more spoken language heard, the better the language development
Sentence complexity - hearing more complex sentence forms predicts using more complex
forms
Caregiver responsiveness - children of more responsive caregivers develop language faster
Reticence correct answers Means tending to be silent or reserved
Teachers may have difficulty working with reticent children
Language impairment correct answers Heritable language impairment
- specific language impairment
- frequent reason for intervention
- evidence supports it being inherited
Developmental disability
- language impairment can be secondary to intellectual disability (Down syndrome) and
autism
Brain injury
Some scientific disciplines correct answers Developmental psychology
Linguistics
Psycholinguistics
Linguistic anthropology
Speech language pathology
Education
Sociology
Basic research correct answers focuses on enhancing scientific understanding via theory
development
Applied research correct answers focuses on specific applied problems
What is language? correct answers A system of symbols
Shared
Conventionalized
A tool for human communication
Morphemes correct answers Smallest units of language that carry meaning
eferentR correct answers An aspect of the world which is referred
Higher-level language skills correct answers They reflect cognitive acts like reasoning,
planning, problem solving
Modularity correct answers Refers to how the mind is organized within the structures of the
brain
Domain specific
Domain general
Language v. speech. v hearing correct answers Language - code to represent ideas (can be
expressed as speech, signs, or written language)
Speech - a neuromuscular activity involving production of sounds of language
Hearing - involves the reception of sound by the ear and transmission to the brain
Speech correct answers Requires muscular movements among several systems -
Respiration: breathing
Phonation: movements of vocal cords
Resonation: movements changing the nature of airflow through oral, nasal, and pharyngeal
spaces
Articulation: movements of the jaw, tongue, and lips for speech
not a language, a code and a physical act
Intact speech, impaired language correct answers In Wernicke's aphasia, speech sounds are
normal but meaning and language are impaired
Symbolic communication correct answers involves relation between a symbol (like a word)
and an entity
Preintentional communication correct answers There is intent, but referent is not clear
Intentional (iconic) communication correct answers Referent is clear from context
Components of communication correct answers Sender: formulation, transmission
-->
Shared mean: speech, gesture, sign, writing
-->
,Receiver: reception, comprehension
feedback
Feedback correct answers is information provided by the receiver to the sending
Kinds of feedback
- linguistic feedback
- non-linguistic (extralinguistic) feedback
- paralinguistic feedback
Conversation correct answers communication breakdowns
conversational repair
Purposes of communication correct answers Instrumental - ask for something
Regulatory - give directions, direct others
Interactional - interact and converse with others socially
Person - express a state of mind or feelings
Heuristic - find out information
Imaginative - tell stories and role play
Informative - provide a description of an event or object
Form correct answers How linguistic information is arranged to convey contact
Words have different requirements on their forms to construct grammatical sentences
Content correct answers Refers to the meaning of words
The lexicon is our mental dictionary
When meaning of words rely heavily on context, the language is contextualized
When there is little reliance on context, then language is decontextualized
Use correct answers Refers to how people "use" language to meet their needs
The use of language could be instrumental, regulatory, interactional, etc.
The child's language use primarily conveyed interactional and personal intent
Components of form, content, use correct answers Phonology - refers to rules governing the
way sounds make syllables and words
Phonology - the smallest unit of sound that can signal and difference in meaning (cat, mat,
bat, rat, etc.)
Allophones are variations on a phoneme sound
,(/p/ in pat vs. spat)
Morphology - refers to the organization of word parts (cat, cats, plural s marker, s inflectional
ending)
Syntax - refers to rules governing internal structure of sentences
Semantics - refers to meaning of words and word combinations
Pragmatics - refers to how language is used for social purposed
Unit 3 correct answers
Language acquisition correct answers Children develop language rapidly - FAST MAPPING
evidence for a critical period for language learning
Genie case correct answers Suggested that language mastery requires learning during a
critical period
Still, substantial learning can take place after the critical period
Acquisition rate correct answers Children's speedy rate of acquisition of linguistic info is a
remarkable feature of language
Universality correct answers People around the world have the same basic brain mechanisms
to learn language
Human brains are particularly well-suited to developing a symbolic spoken code (language)
Species specificity correct answers Non-human animals and insects have intentional
communication
Language is specific humans
Semanticity correct answers Language allows people to represent decontextualized events
- called semanticity or displacement
There is an arbitrary mapping between words (lexical items) and referents
Productivity correct answers the ability to combine different units into infinite new
combinations
Language differences correct answers Dialect - everyone has it
Bilingualism - code switching
Gender
Genetic predisposition
Language - learning environment
Prestige correct answers A dialect has overt prestige
, - if the dialect is considered standard or proper
- if used by the society as a whole
A dialect has covert prestige
- is considered local or restricted to one group (often working class)
- the features are considered non-standard or incorrect
African American Vernacular English (AAVE) correct answers Ex:
"That hers"
"I be talking"
"Mos"
Quantity correct answers Refers to
- properties of heard language
- "goodness" of the heard language
The more spoken language heard, the better the language development
Sentence complexity - hearing more complex sentence forms predicts using more complex
forms
Caregiver responsiveness - children of more responsive caregivers develop language faster
Reticence correct answers Means tending to be silent or reserved
Teachers may have difficulty working with reticent children
Language impairment correct answers Heritable language impairment
- specific language impairment
- frequent reason for intervention
- evidence supports it being inherited
Developmental disability
- language impairment can be secondary to intellectual disability (Down syndrome) and
autism
Brain injury
Some scientific disciplines correct answers Developmental psychology
Linguistics
Psycholinguistics
Linguistic anthropology
Speech language pathology
Education
Sociology
Basic research correct answers focuses on enhancing scientific understanding via theory
development
Applied research correct answers focuses on specific applied problems
