Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing 6th Edition Guide Questions with
Answers
You are a nurse researcher interviewing senior oncology nurses, asking them to describe how they deal
with the loss of a patient. The analysis of the interviews yields common themes describing the nurses'
grief. This is an example of which type of study? - correct answersQualitative study.
(A qualitative study involves inductive reasoning to develop generalizations or theories from specific
observations or interviews. Historical research establishes facts and relationships concerning past
events. Correlational research is exploration of the interrelationships among variables of interest
without any intervention by the researcher. An experimental study involves the use of tightly controlled
subject groups, variables, and procedures to eliminate bias and ensure that findings can be generalized
to similar groups of subjects.)
An operating room nurse is talking with colleagues during a meeting. She asks, "I wonder if we would
see fewer wound infections if we used chlorhexidine instead of povidone-iodine to clean the skin of our
surgical patients? What does the P represent in this example of a PICOT question? - correct
answersSurgical patients.
(Surgical patients are the patient population of interest (P) in the PICOT (patient population,
intervention, comparison, outcome, time) question. The intervention is the cleaning of the skin, and the
comparison of interest is between chlorhexidine use and povidone-iodine use. Operating room nurses
are not an element of the PICOT question.)
A nurse researcher is designing an exercise study that involves 100 patients who attend a wellness clinic.
As the patients come to the clinic, each has a choice as to whether he or she wants to be in the new
exercise program or remain in the traditional program. The nurse plans to measure the patients' self-
report of exercise before and 6 months after the program begins. What factor might influence the
results of this study in an unfavourable way? - correct answersSampling method.
(Because the patients at the clinic are allowed their choice of the traditional versus the new exercise
program, the sampling in this study is not random sampling.)
The foundation of research is which of the following? - correct answersScientific method.
, (The scientific method is the foundation of research and is the most reliable and objective of all methods
of obtaining knowledge. Documentation, critical thinking, and evidence are not the foundations of
research.)
A researcher gives a subject full and complete information about the purpose of a study. This is an
example of which of the following? - correct answersInformed consent.
(Informed consent implies that the research subjects are given full and complete information about the
purpose of the study, procedures, data collection, potential harms and benefits, and alternative
methods of treatment. Confidentiality rules guarantee that any information the subject provides will not
be reported to people outside the research team. Bias is any personal opinion or judgement that may be
interjected into the results. Anonymity means that the subject's name and identifying information would
not be disclosed during the research study.)
A new nurse on an orthopedic unit is assigned to care for a patient undergoing skeletal traction. The
nurse asks a colleague, "What is the best practice for cleaning pin sites in skeletal traction?" This
question is an example of which of the following? - correct answersKnowledge-focused trigger.
(A knowledge-focused trigger is a question regarding new information available on a topic. A problem-
focused trigger is one faced while the nurse is caring for a patient or noting a trend. The PICOT
(population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time) format is a way to phrase a question to help
clarify the question and the parts. A hypothesis is a prediction about the relationship between study
variables.)
The nurses on a medical unit have seen an increase in the number of pressure injuries developing in
their patients. The nurses decide to initiate a quality improvement project with the plan, do, study, act
(PDSA) model. Which of the following is an example of the "do" step of that model? - correct
answersImplement a new skin care protocol on all medical units.
(The "do" step consists of selecting an intervention on the basis of a data review, implementing the
change, and studying the results of the change. The "plan" step includes reviewing the available data to
understand existing practice conditions or problems to identify the need for change. The results of the
change are evaluated in the "study" step. The "act" step is the incorporation of the findings into current
practice.)
The nurse researcher obtains informed consent from participants in a study primarily for which reason?
- correct answersTo ensure that the study subjects understand their roles in the study.
Answers
You are a nurse researcher interviewing senior oncology nurses, asking them to describe how they deal
with the loss of a patient. The analysis of the interviews yields common themes describing the nurses'
grief. This is an example of which type of study? - correct answersQualitative study.
(A qualitative study involves inductive reasoning to develop generalizations or theories from specific
observations or interviews. Historical research establishes facts and relationships concerning past
events. Correlational research is exploration of the interrelationships among variables of interest
without any intervention by the researcher. An experimental study involves the use of tightly controlled
subject groups, variables, and procedures to eliminate bias and ensure that findings can be generalized
to similar groups of subjects.)
An operating room nurse is talking with colleagues during a meeting. She asks, "I wonder if we would
see fewer wound infections if we used chlorhexidine instead of povidone-iodine to clean the skin of our
surgical patients? What does the P represent in this example of a PICOT question? - correct
answersSurgical patients.
(Surgical patients are the patient population of interest (P) in the PICOT (patient population,
intervention, comparison, outcome, time) question. The intervention is the cleaning of the skin, and the
comparison of interest is between chlorhexidine use and povidone-iodine use. Operating room nurses
are not an element of the PICOT question.)
A nurse researcher is designing an exercise study that involves 100 patients who attend a wellness clinic.
As the patients come to the clinic, each has a choice as to whether he or she wants to be in the new
exercise program or remain in the traditional program. The nurse plans to measure the patients' self-
report of exercise before and 6 months after the program begins. What factor might influence the
results of this study in an unfavourable way? - correct answersSampling method.
(Because the patients at the clinic are allowed their choice of the traditional versus the new exercise
program, the sampling in this study is not random sampling.)
The foundation of research is which of the following? - correct answersScientific method.
, (The scientific method is the foundation of research and is the most reliable and objective of all methods
of obtaining knowledge. Documentation, critical thinking, and evidence are not the foundations of
research.)
A researcher gives a subject full and complete information about the purpose of a study. This is an
example of which of the following? - correct answersInformed consent.
(Informed consent implies that the research subjects are given full and complete information about the
purpose of the study, procedures, data collection, potential harms and benefits, and alternative
methods of treatment. Confidentiality rules guarantee that any information the subject provides will not
be reported to people outside the research team. Bias is any personal opinion or judgement that may be
interjected into the results. Anonymity means that the subject's name and identifying information would
not be disclosed during the research study.)
A new nurse on an orthopedic unit is assigned to care for a patient undergoing skeletal traction. The
nurse asks a colleague, "What is the best practice for cleaning pin sites in skeletal traction?" This
question is an example of which of the following? - correct answersKnowledge-focused trigger.
(A knowledge-focused trigger is a question regarding new information available on a topic. A problem-
focused trigger is one faced while the nurse is caring for a patient or noting a trend. The PICOT
(population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time) format is a way to phrase a question to help
clarify the question and the parts. A hypothesis is a prediction about the relationship between study
variables.)
The nurses on a medical unit have seen an increase in the number of pressure injuries developing in
their patients. The nurses decide to initiate a quality improvement project with the plan, do, study, act
(PDSA) model. Which of the following is an example of the "do" step of that model? - correct
answersImplement a new skin care protocol on all medical units.
(The "do" step consists of selecting an intervention on the basis of a data review, implementing the
change, and studying the results of the change. The "plan" step includes reviewing the available data to
understand existing practice conditions or problems to identify the need for change. The results of the
change are evaluated in the "study" step. The "act" step is the incorporation of the findings into current
practice.)
The nurse researcher obtains informed consent from participants in a study primarily for which reason?
- correct answersTo ensure that the study subjects understand their roles in the study.
