BIOD 152 / BIOD152 (Latest ) A & P 2
Module (1-7) Exams and Lab (1-8) Exams Portage
Learning
This is a bundle of axons found in the peripheral nervous system. - ANSWER
Nerve
This part of the autonomic system increases digestion. - ANSWER
Parasympathetic
The dorsal root of a nerve contains what type of neurons? - ANSWER Sensory
(afferent)
This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body. - ANSWER
Axon
A neuron going to the bicep of the forearm is part of the:
A. central nervous system
B. peripheral nervous system
C. Autonomic system
D. Somatic system
E. A&C
F. B&D - ANSWER F. B&D
The neuron pictured, below, is best described as:
A. Bipolar
B. Multipolar
C. Unipolar
D. Pseudounipolar - ANSWER B. Multipolar
True or false: Neurons do not physically touch one another. - ANSWER True
Describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters. - ANSWER The neuron
cell body manufactures neurotransmitters, which are stored in secretory vesicles at
the end of axon terminals
An efferent neuron carries information:
A. From the central to the peripheral nervous system
B. From the peripheral to the central nervous system
C. Within the central nervous system
D. Within the peripheral nervous system - ANSWER A. From the central to the
peripheral nervous system
,A postsynaptic neuron would be found:
A. before the synapse
B. after the synapse
C. inside the synapse
D. Only in the central nervous system - ANSWER B. after the synapse
What is the location and function of Satellite cells? - ANSWER Location: peripheral
nervous system (PNS)
Function: Regulation of environment of neuron cell bodies
A patient's spinal cord was severed in a car accident. Would the patient be expected
to regrow axons in their spinal cord? Why or why not? - ANSWER No, only the
peripheral system axons are capable of regeneration. The spinal cord is the central
nervous system
Name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 4 of the
diagram. Include the charge of the membrane during this phase. - ANSWER This
is phase 4: afterpolarization (hyperpolarization), the potassium gates are slow to clse
and that results in an undershoot of the potential, the voltage will drop below -70mV
and the return to the restign state beings.
At rest, a neuron plasma membrane is:
A. -70 mV
B. +40 mV
C. Hyperpolarized
D. Depolarized - ANSWER A. -70 mV
Which of the following is false concerning the sodium-potassium pump?
A. it maintains the resting phase of an axon
B. For every three sodium ions pumped out, two potassium ions are pumped in
C. it must remain in constant operation to maintain the resting state
D. The overall effect is a negative charge on the outside of the membrane -
ANSWER D. The overall effect is a negative charge on the outside of the membrane
True or false: A sensory neuron is signaling the body of extreme pain. This means
that the strength of the action potential is greater than usual. Explain your reasoning
- ANSWER False, there is no variation in the strength of action potentials. (It is an
all-or-nothing response). There is variation in the number and frequency of neurons
firing
Which of the following statements is false concerning the neuromuscular junction?
A. Sodium ions release from the presynaptic motor neuron
B. Calcium ions release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to cause muscle contraction
C. Sodium channels open on the muscle fibers in response to the neurotransmitter
D. The NMJ is found in the peripheral nervous system - ANSWER A. Sodium ions
release from the presynaptic motor neuron
What prevents continuous stimulation of a nerve synapse and how is this
accomplished? - ANSWER The short extension of neurotransmitters in the
synpase prevents coninous stimulation. Some synapses contain enzymes that
, rapidly inactivate neurotransmitters and other synpases rapidly absord the
neurotransmitters.
What neurotransmitter is found at the neuromuscular junctions? - ANSWER
Acetylcholine (ACh)
True or False: Action potentials travel in multiple directions within the same neuron. -
ANSWER False (only one direction in the same neuron)
True or False: Reflexes occur only with conscious intervention from the brain -
ANSWER False
Fill in the blank: In a reflex, the ____________ neuron conducts nerve impulses
along a pathway towards the central nervous system. - ANSWER sensory
(afferent)
Where is the integration center of a reflex located? - ANSWER CNS (central
nervous system)
Which of the following is false about reflexes?
A. Reflexes do not require higher levels of voluntary processing from the brain
B.Regulation of blood sugar by hormones is one example of a reflex
C. Some reflexes can be tested to determine injury
D. Pulling a hand away from a hot flame is not a reflex; it is entirely voluntary -
ANSWER D. Pulling a hand away from a hot flame is not a reflex; it is entirely
voluntary
What is false about the stretch reflex?
A. the effect of the motor signal is to relax a muscle
B. The patellar reflex test the stretch reflex of the quadriceps femoris
C. The muscle is spindle detects stretch within the muscle
D. Stretch reflexes help to decrease the stretch on a muscle - ANSWER A. The
effect of the motor signal is to relax a muscle
What is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex?
A. It does not involve interneurons
B. It involves excitatory interneurons
C. It involves inhibitory interneurons
D. The effect of the reflex is to create a co-contraction of two muscles
E. A&D
F. B& C - ANSWER F. B&C
Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous
pathway of the reflex he is testing. Include any sensory organs involved and the
action of the reflex. - ANSWER Stretch reflex: Stretch on patellar tendon (tapping
patellar tendon), muscle spindle detects stretch, afferent (sensory) neuron through
the DRG, spinal cord, synapses directly on a motor neuron (efferent)
*No interneuron*
action: to muscle fiber to contract quadriceps (kicking foot)
Module (1-7) Exams and Lab (1-8) Exams Portage
Learning
This is a bundle of axons found in the peripheral nervous system. - ANSWER
Nerve
This part of the autonomic system increases digestion. - ANSWER
Parasympathetic
The dorsal root of a nerve contains what type of neurons? - ANSWER Sensory
(afferent)
This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body. - ANSWER
Axon
A neuron going to the bicep of the forearm is part of the:
A. central nervous system
B. peripheral nervous system
C. Autonomic system
D. Somatic system
E. A&C
F. B&D - ANSWER F. B&D
The neuron pictured, below, is best described as:
A. Bipolar
B. Multipolar
C. Unipolar
D. Pseudounipolar - ANSWER B. Multipolar
True or false: Neurons do not physically touch one another. - ANSWER True
Describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters. - ANSWER The neuron
cell body manufactures neurotransmitters, which are stored in secretory vesicles at
the end of axon terminals
An efferent neuron carries information:
A. From the central to the peripheral nervous system
B. From the peripheral to the central nervous system
C. Within the central nervous system
D. Within the peripheral nervous system - ANSWER A. From the central to the
peripheral nervous system
,A postsynaptic neuron would be found:
A. before the synapse
B. after the synapse
C. inside the synapse
D. Only in the central nervous system - ANSWER B. after the synapse
What is the location and function of Satellite cells? - ANSWER Location: peripheral
nervous system (PNS)
Function: Regulation of environment of neuron cell bodies
A patient's spinal cord was severed in a car accident. Would the patient be expected
to regrow axons in their spinal cord? Why or why not? - ANSWER No, only the
peripheral system axons are capable of regeneration. The spinal cord is the central
nervous system
Name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 4 of the
diagram. Include the charge of the membrane during this phase. - ANSWER This
is phase 4: afterpolarization (hyperpolarization), the potassium gates are slow to clse
and that results in an undershoot of the potential, the voltage will drop below -70mV
and the return to the restign state beings.
At rest, a neuron plasma membrane is:
A. -70 mV
B. +40 mV
C. Hyperpolarized
D. Depolarized - ANSWER A. -70 mV
Which of the following is false concerning the sodium-potassium pump?
A. it maintains the resting phase of an axon
B. For every three sodium ions pumped out, two potassium ions are pumped in
C. it must remain in constant operation to maintain the resting state
D. The overall effect is a negative charge on the outside of the membrane -
ANSWER D. The overall effect is a negative charge on the outside of the membrane
True or false: A sensory neuron is signaling the body of extreme pain. This means
that the strength of the action potential is greater than usual. Explain your reasoning
- ANSWER False, there is no variation in the strength of action potentials. (It is an
all-or-nothing response). There is variation in the number and frequency of neurons
firing
Which of the following statements is false concerning the neuromuscular junction?
A. Sodium ions release from the presynaptic motor neuron
B. Calcium ions release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to cause muscle contraction
C. Sodium channels open on the muscle fibers in response to the neurotransmitter
D. The NMJ is found in the peripheral nervous system - ANSWER A. Sodium ions
release from the presynaptic motor neuron
What prevents continuous stimulation of a nerve synapse and how is this
accomplished? - ANSWER The short extension of neurotransmitters in the
synpase prevents coninous stimulation. Some synapses contain enzymes that
, rapidly inactivate neurotransmitters and other synpases rapidly absord the
neurotransmitters.
What neurotransmitter is found at the neuromuscular junctions? - ANSWER
Acetylcholine (ACh)
True or False: Action potentials travel in multiple directions within the same neuron. -
ANSWER False (only one direction in the same neuron)
True or False: Reflexes occur only with conscious intervention from the brain -
ANSWER False
Fill in the blank: In a reflex, the ____________ neuron conducts nerve impulses
along a pathway towards the central nervous system. - ANSWER sensory
(afferent)
Where is the integration center of a reflex located? - ANSWER CNS (central
nervous system)
Which of the following is false about reflexes?
A. Reflexes do not require higher levels of voluntary processing from the brain
B.Regulation of blood sugar by hormones is one example of a reflex
C. Some reflexes can be tested to determine injury
D. Pulling a hand away from a hot flame is not a reflex; it is entirely voluntary -
ANSWER D. Pulling a hand away from a hot flame is not a reflex; it is entirely
voluntary
What is false about the stretch reflex?
A. the effect of the motor signal is to relax a muscle
B. The patellar reflex test the stretch reflex of the quadriceps femoris
C. The muscle is spindle detects stretch within the muscle
D. Stretch reflexes help to decrease the stretch on a muscle - ANSWER A. The
effect of the motor signal is to relax a muscle
What is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex?
A. It does not involve interneurons
B. It involves excitatory interneurons
C. It involves inhibitory interneurons
D. The effect of the reflex is to create a co-contraction of two muscles
E. A&D
F. B& C - ANSWER F. B&C
Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous
pathway of the reflex he is testing. Include any sensory organs involved and the
action of the reflex. - ANSWER Stretch reflex: Stretch on patellar tendon (tapping
patellar tendon), muscle spindle detects stretch, afferent (sensory) neuron through
the DRG, spinal cord, synapses directly on a motor neuron (efferent)
*No interneuron*
action: to muscle fiber to contract quadriceps (kicking foot)
