PERIOPERATIVE NURSING
- Encompasses a broad range of nursing duties related to
the surgical management of patients. It involves the care
provided to patients before, during, and after surgery.
PHASES
Preoperative:
This phase involves preparing the patient for surgery,
including assessments, patient education, and ensuring that all
preoperative instructions are followed. Nurses often discuss the
procedure, answer questions, and help with any pre-surgery
preparations.
Intraoperative
During the surgery, perioperative nurses work in the
operating room, where they may function as scrub nurses,
assisting directly with the surgical team, or as circulating
nurses, managing the environment and communicating with
other medical staff.
, Postoperative
After the surgery, nurses monitor the patient's recovery,
manage pain, observe for complications, and provide education
on postoperative care and recovery.
CLASSIFICATION OF SURGICAL PROCEDURES
Based on Purpose
• Diagnostic
These surgeries are done to determine the cause of an
illness and confirm a diagnosis. Examples include biopsy
and exploratory laparotomy.
• Ablative/Curative
These surgeries remove diseased parts or organs.
Examples include gastrectomy, thyroidectomy, and
appendectomy.
• Palliative
These surgeries relieve symptoms without curing the
disease. Examples include colostomy and debridement of
necrotic tissue.
• Reconstructive
These surgeries restore function to traumatized or
malfunctioning tissue and improve self-concept. Examples
include skin grafts, plastic surgery, and scar revisions.
, • Transplant
These surgeries replace diseased or malfunctioning organs
or structures.
• Constructive
These surgeries restore function in congenital anomalies.
Examples include cleft palate repair and closure of atrial-
septal defect.
• Exploratory
These surgeries estimate the extent of disease or confirm
a diagnosis. Examples include exploratory laparotomy and
pelvic laparotomy.
• Aesthetic
These surgeries improve physical features within the
normal range. An example is breast augmentation.
Based on Urgency
• Elective
These surgeries are pre-planned and can be delayed
without negative effects. Examples include tonsillectomy,
hernia repair, cataract extraction, mammoplasty, face lift,
and cesarean section.
• Urgent
These surgeries are necessary for the client’s health and
are usually performed within 24 to 48 hours. Examples
- Encompasses a broad range of nursing duties related to
the surgical management of patients. It involves the care
provided to patients before, during, and after surgery.
PHASES
Preoperative:
This phase involves preparing the patient for surgery,
including assessments, patient education, and ensuring that all
preoperative instructions are followed. Nurses often discuss the
procedure, answer questions, and help with any pre-surgery
preparations.
Intraoperative
During the surgery, perioperative nurses work in the
operating room, where they may function as scrub nurses,
assisting directly with the surgical team, or as circulating
nurses, managing the environment and communicating with
other medical staff.
, Postoperative
After the surgery, nurses monitor the patient's recovery,
manage pain, observe for complications, and provide education
on postoperative care and recovery.
CLASSIFICATION OF SURGICAL PROCEDURES
Based on Purpose
• Diagnostic
These surgeries are done to determine the cause of an
illness and confirm a diagnosis. Examples include biopsy
and exploratory laparotomy.
• Ablative/Curative
These surgeries remove diseased parts or organs.
Examples include gastrectomy, thyroidectomy, and
appendectomy.
• Palliative
These surgeries relieve symptoms without curing the
disease. Examples include colostomy and debridement of
necrotic tissue.
• Reconstructive
These surgeries restore function to traumatized or
malfunctioning tissue and improve self-concept. Examples
include skin grafts, plastic surgery, and scar revisions.
, • Transplant
These surgeries replace diseased or malfunctioning organs
or structures.
• Constructive
These surgeries restore function in congenital anomalies.
Examples include cleft palate repair and closure of atrial-
septal defect.
• Exploratory
These surgeries estimate the extent of disease or confirm
a diagnosis. Examples include exploratory laparotomy and
pelvic laparotomy.
• Aesthetic
These surgeries improve physical features within the
normal range. An example is breast augmentation.
Based on Urgency
• Elective
These surgeries are pre-planned and can be delayed
without negative effects. Examples include tonsillectomy,
hernia repair, cataract extraction, mammoplasty, face lift,
and cesarean section.
• Urgent
These surgeries are necessary for the client’s health and
are usually performed within 24 to 48 hours. Examples
