DBIA 1 Questions And Answers With Latest Solutions

Brunelleschi - Italian Artist-Architect-Builder (1420) • Roman Empire first to develop construction techniques (concrete for foundations/domes/arches) • Master Builder who developed the "dome" concept for the Gothic Cathedral of Florence (the duomo) • Key figure in the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern Renaissance area • Craft training and education (Middle Ages) • Separate design and construction (Renaissance) Code of Hammurabi - Obligation of design & construction to society Code of Hammurabi - Obligation of design & construction to society ( BC) Vitruvius - Documentation of design and construction practices (40 BC) Brunelleschi - quintessential Design-Builder & innovator () Alberti - first intentional separation of the art from the craft Established architecture as a profession distinct from the science of engineering &construction From the 15th century into 19th century - Architects retained responsibility for both design & construction Effects of the Industrial Revolution - Task specialization • Ability to communicate design intent • Division of labor • Entrepreneurship • Need for capital Hammurabi - established the earliest known body of laws written to govern its people which included codes for builders Master Builder - a team of design and construction professionals Six of Hummurabi's codes for builders - if a builder build a house and completes it, the Owner shall pay a fee of 2 shekels in money for each sar of surface • If a builder build a house and does not construct it properly and the house fall in and kills its owner, the builder is put to death • If the building fall in and kills the son of the owner then the son of the builder is put to death • If kill the slave of the owner, then the builder pays for the slave • If goods are ruin, builder shall make compensation and reerectthe house from his own means • If walls topple, even though not complete, builder shall reerect from his own means Vitruvius - Roman writer, engineer, architect lived in 1st century B.C. (Roman Empire) • Vitruvius created the original design and construction hand book • De architectura libri decem - (10 books of architecture - manufacturer of building materials/roads & bridges/heating water/amplification) • Credited with transitioning the practice of architecture and engineering to a routine practice • Established design and construction management as learned professions Leone Battista Alberti - : poet, philosopher and secretary to the Pope • Proficient in mathematics and natural sciences • Convinced Pope to allow him to direct master masons to construct using his drawings and models • Furnished plans of his buildings but never supervised their construction • The rise of professionalism • First push to separate design and construction as distinct functions