FAMILY PLANNING AND CONTRACEPTION METHODS CMPA 411
REVIEWER | PNLE |#RN2025
FAMILY PLANNING LACTATION AMENORRHEA METHOD
● Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months postpartum regular
- It is the use of a range of methods of fertility regulation and full time, woman is able to suppress ovulation
in order to: ● No ovulation; no menstruation
a. Avoid unwanted births/pregnancy ● How does LAM prevent pregnancy?
b. Bring about wanted births/pregnancy ○ By preventing ovulation
c. Regulate the number of children born ○ When the woman breastfeeds her baby full time and
d. Regulate intervals between pregnancy/birth regular, it keeps the level of estrogen high. If the
spacing estrogen level is high, it won’t stimulate the
e. Control time at which birth occurs hypothalamus to start the cycle.
- Planning Pregnancy and Preventing Pregnancy ➔ No hypothalamic activity
- REMEMBER: ➔ Therefore, no release of follicle stimulating
➔ Recommended number of children: 2 to 3 hormone releasing factor (FSHRF)
➔ Recommended birth space: At least 3 to 5 ➔ Therefore, anterior pituitary gland cannot
years release follicle stimulating factor
➔ No maturation of egg cells
PLANNING THE PREGNANCY ➔ No ovulation
● What does it require?
○ The baby must be younger than 6 months
● Proper nutrition and exercise = physiological
○ The baby’s only nutrition, both food and fluids comes
preparation for pregnancy
from your breastmilk
● Lifestyle changes:
○ Your baby’s nursing schedule must include a feeding
➔ Smoking: can cause SGA baby
every 4 hours during the day, and at least 6 hours a
➔ Alcohol: can cause cognitive impaired baby
night. If your baby drops a night feeding, LAM will no
(irreversible)
longer work
● Medical history taking and check up is important
○ You haven’t had a menstrual period. This is any
● Genetic counseling
bleeding for 2 days in a row or more that happens
starting 2 months after your baby’s birth. It doesn’t
NATURAL METHOD include other vaginal bleeding that can happen after
you give birth.
- No use of any chemical and mechanical means of ● NOT EFFECTIVE AFTER 6 MONTHS: Remember that after
preventing pregnancy 6 months, estrogen decreases and that woman will start to
produce follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
ABSTINENCE ● After six months, woman may ovulate but without
menstruation (cannot identify fertile window = may get
● Regular
pregnant)
● A natural method involves abstaining from sexual
● It is best advise that after 3 months of breastfeeding, woman
intercourse and is the most effective natural birth control
shall make plans of other means of contraception
method with an ideal 0% fail rate
● You can still breastfeed the baby after 6 months (up to 2
● Strict; most people find it difficult to comply
years old) but you can no longer rely on LAM as method of
● Considered to be the most effective way to avoid STDs
preventing pregnancy
● Different from STRICT ABSTINENCE (no form of any sexual
● Can a postpartum LAM user take oral contraceptive pills
contact)
while she is breastfeeding?
➔ COCP - CONTRAINDICATED (estrogen is
COITUS INTERRUPTUS contraindicated in breastfeeding because it will
● Withdrawal of penis before ejaculation inside the vagina affect the milk production)
● Sperm may leak from the penis before ejaculation ➔ POP - PERMITTED
inside the vagina
● No protection from STDs/STIs FERTILITY AWARENESS METHOD
● Not recommended by the DOH
● Effectiveness is 80%; 20% failure rate
CMPA 411: FINAL TERM LESSON # 01: FAMILY PLANNING AND CONTRACEPTION METHODS 1
, FAMILY PLANNING AND CONTRACEPTION METHODS CMPA 411
REVIEWER | PNLE |#RN2025
- The identification of the woman’s fertile and infertile Dry: When the mucus usually
phases during menstrual cycle discharges less, indicating lack of
- Requires cooperation between male and female fertility.
- Characteristic: Routinary, Ritualistic
Cloud and Sticky: Intermediate
fertility
● Calendar Method
- Also called the rhythm method or standard Clear, Slippery, and Stretchy: This
days method is a sign that you are about to ovulate
- This method helps you to predict your fertile or you are already in the middle of
days by tracking the length of your menstrual ovulation; most likely to become
cycle. pregnant (Other Signs of Fertility:
- Before using this as a form of birth control, Watery, Abundant, Thin)
keep track of the length of your menstrual
cycle within 6 months
- FIRST QUESTION: Determine if regular or
irregular?
- Regular:
➔ Determine the duration of menstrual
cycle (Ex: 30 day cycle)
➔ Determine the day of ovulation (Ex:
30 - 14 = 16; Day 16 is the ovulation
date)
➔ (16 - 5 = 11); (16 + 3 = 19) therefore,
day 11 - 19 is the fertile phase
● Sympto Thermal Method
- Use of basal body temperature method and
cervical mucus test
- BBT first before CMT
● Cervical Mucus Test ● 2 Day Method
- This method lets you track your ovulation days - DRY DRY = SAFE
based on the quality of the mucus around your ● Basal Body Temperature
cervix so that you know when you are most - Basal Body Temperature is the woman’s
fertile, or most able to become pregnant. temperature at rest.
- CERVICAL MUCUS is the fluid discharge from - Regulated by the hormone PROGESTERONE
the lower part of the uterus playing a - Sudden rise in BBT during ovulation because
significant role in successful egg formation as of sudden rise in progesterone (3 days
it protects the sperm when it tries to reach the elevated BBT)
egg in the uterus. - Thermal Shift: increases by 0.2 to 0.5
- The hormone that regulates the cervical degrees = sign that a woman is ovulating (high
mucus is ESTROGEN for three days, then lowers afterward)
- Also called Billing’s, Spinnabarkeit, and - Consistency is the key (same time, same
Creighton’s Method route)
- Best time is in the morning - Thermometer at her beside
- Check cervical mucus after rising from the - Check temperature before rising to bed as it is
bed. (do hand washing first) most accurate in the morning
- Sitting position when getting your cervical - Activities, breakfast, and food intake can
mucus increase temperature
- If can be stretched by 5 to 10 cm without - TAKE NOTE THAT THIS CAN’T BE DONE IF
breaking, woman is fertile THE WOMAN IS FEBRILE (fever)
- Observe the color and consistency of the
mucus ARTIFICIAL METHOD
CMPA 411: FINAL TERM LESSON # 01: FAMILY PLANNING AND CONTRACEPTION METHODS 2
REVIEWER | PNLE |#RN2025
FAMILY PLANNING LACTATION AMENORRHEA METHOD
● Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months postpartum regular
- It is the use of a range of methods of fertility regulation and full time, woman is able to suppress ovulation
in order to: ● No ovulation; no menstruation
a. Avoid unwanted births/pregnancy ● How does LAM prevent pregnancy?
b. Bring about wanted births/pregnancy ○ By preventing ovulation
c. Regulate the number of children born ○ When the woman breastfeeds her baby full time and
d. Regulate intervals between pregnancy/birth regular, it keeps the level of estrogen high. If the
spacing estrogen level is high, it won’t stimulate the
e. Control time at which birth occurs hypothalamus to start the cycle.
- Planning Pregnancy and Preventing Pregnancy ➔ No hypothalamic activity
- REMEMBER: ➔ Therefore, no release of follicle stimulating
➔ Recommended number of children: 2 to 3 hormone releasing factor (FSHRF)
➔ Recommended birth space: At least 3 to 5 ➔ Therefore, anterior pituitary gland cannot
years release follicle stimulating factor
➔ No maturation of egg cells
PLANNING THE PREGNANCY ➔ No ovulation
● What does it require?
○ The baby must be younger than 6 months
● Proper nutrition and exercise = physiological
○ The baby’s only nutrition, both food and fluids comes
preparation for pregnancy
from your breastmilk
● Lifestyle changes:
○ Your baby’s nursing schedule must include a feeding
➔ Smoking: can cause SGA baby
every 4 hours during the day, and at least 6 hours a
➔ Alcohol: can cause cognitive impaired baby
night. If your baby drops a night feeding, LAM will no
(irreversible)
longer work
● Medical history taking and check up is important
○ You haven’t had a menstrual period. This is any
● Genetic counseling
bleeding for 2 days in a row or more that happens
starting 2 months after your baby’s birth. It doesn’t
NATURAL METHOD include other vaginal bleeding that can happen after
you give birth.
- No use of any chemical and mechanical means of ● NOT EFFECTIVE AFTER 6 MONTHS: Remember that after
preventing pregnancy 6 months, estrogen decreases and that woman will start to
produce follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
ABSTINENCE ● After six months, woman may ovulate but without
menstruation (cannot identify fertile window = may get
● Regular
pregnant)
● A natural method involves abstaining from sexual
● It is best advise that after 3 months of breastfeeding, woman
intercourse and is the most effective natural birth control
shall make plans of other means of contraception
method with an ideal 0% fail rate
● You can still breastfeed the baby after 6 months (up to 2
● Strict; most people find it difficult to comply
years old) but you can no longer rely on LAM as method of
● Considered to be the most effective way to avoid STDs
preventing pregnancy
● Different from STRICT ABSTINENCE (no form of any sexual
● Can a postpartum LAM user take oral contraceptive pills
contact)
while she is breastfeeding?
➔ COCP - CONTRAINDICATED (estrogen is
COITUS INTERRUPTUS contraindicated in breastfeeding because it will
● Withdrawal of penis before ejaculation inside the vagina affect the milk production)
● Sperm may leak from the penis before ejaculation ➔ POP - PERMITTED
inside the vagina
● No protection from STDs/STIs FERTILITY AWARENESS METHOD
● Not recommended by the DOH
● Effectiveness is 80%; 20% failure rate
CMPA 411: FINAL TERM LESSON # 01: FAMILY PLANNING AND CONTRACEPTION METHODS 1
, FAMILY PLANNING AND CONTRACEPTION METHODS CMPA 411
REVIEWER | PNLE |#RN2025
- The identification of the woman’s fertile and infertile Dry: When the mucus usually
phases during menstrual cycle discharges less, indicating lack of
- Requires cooperation between male and female fertility.
- Characteristic: Routinary, Ritualistic
Cloud and Sticky: Intermediate
fertility
● Calendar Method
- Also called the rhythm method or standard Clear, Slippery, and Stretchy: This
days method is a sign that you are about to ovulate
- This method helps you to predict your fertile or you are already in the middle of
days by tracking the length of your menstrual ovulation; most likely to become
cycle. pregnant (Other Signs of Fertility:
- Before using this as a form of birth control, Watery, Abundant, Thin)
keep track of the length of your menstrual
cycle within 6 months
- FIRST QUESTION: Determine if regular or
irregular?
- Regular:
➔ Determine the duration of menstrual
cycle (Ex: 30 day cycle)
➔ Determine the day of ovulation (Ex:
30 - 14 = 16; Day 16 is the ovulation
date)
➔ (16 - 5 = 11); (16 + 3 = 19) therefore,
day 11 - 19 is the fertile phase
● Sympto Thermal Method
- Use of basal body temperature method and
cervical mucus test
- BBT first before CMT
● Cervical Mucus Test ● 2 Day Method
- This method lets you track your ovulation days - DRY DRY = SAFE
based on the quality of the mucus around your ● Basal Body Temperature
cervix so that you know when you are most - Basal Body Temperature is the woman’s
fertile, or most able to become pregnant. temperature at rest.
- CERVICAL MUCUS is the fluid discharge from - Regulated by the hormone PROGESTERONE
the lower part of the uterus playing a - Sudden rise in BBT during ovulation because
significant role in successful egg formation as of sudden rise in progesterone (3 days
it protects the sperm when it tries to reach the elevated BBT)
egg in the uterus. - Thermal Shift: increases by 0.2 to 0.5
- The hormone that regulates the cervical degrees = sign that a woman is ovulating (high
mucus is ESTROGEN for three days, then lowers afterward)
- Also called Billing’s, Spinnabarkeit, and - Consistency is the key (same time, same
Creighton’s Method route)
- Best time is in the morning - Thermometer at her beside
- Check cervical mucus after rising from the - Check temperature before rising to bed as it is
bed. (do hand washing first) most accurate in the morning
- Sitting position when getting your cervical - Activities, breakfast, and food intake can
mucus increase temperature
- If can be stretched by 5 to 10 cm without - TAKE NOTE THAT THIS CAN’T BE DONE IF
breaking, woman is fertile THE WOMAN IS FEBRILE (fever)
- Observe the color and consistency of the
mucus ARTIFICIAL METHOD
CMPA 411: FINAL TERM LESSON # 01: FAMILY PLANNING AND CONTRACEPTION METHODS 2
