BIOS256 Exam 1 Chamberlain
Ingestion - answersselection intake of food
Digestive Function- Stages - answersIngestion
Digestion
Absorption
Compaction
Defecation
Digestion - answersMechanical and Chemical breakdown of food into a form usable by
the body
Absorption - answersuptake of nutrient molecules into the epithelial cells of the digestive
tract and then into the blood and lymph
Compaction - answersabsorbing water and consolidating the indigestible residue into
feces
Defecation - answerselimination of feces
Peritoneum - answersthe largest serous membrane in the body
1. lines the abdominal cavity
2. Omentum
projection of peritoneum
Mouth - answersformed by the cheeks, hard and soft palates, and tongue
, Salivary Glands - answerslie outside the mouth and empty their contents into ducts
which deliver saliva into the oral cavity
3 pairs of Salivary Glands - answersParotid- mostly water with salivary
Submandibular- watery but with enzyme (amylases) and mucous
Sublingual- thick viscous mucous protection
Saliva - answersContains:
1. water
2. salivary amylase: an enzyme that begins starch digestion in the mouth
3. lingual lipase: fat digestion
4. Mucus: lubricates mass of food and aids in swallowing
5. Lysozyme: enzyme that kills bacteria
6. Immunoglobulin A (IgA): an antibody that inhibits bacterial growth
7. electrolytes: Na+, K+, Cl-, phosphate, and bicarbonate
8. pH: 6.8 to 7.0
Mechanical digestion in the mouth - answersMastication
1. food is manipulated by the tongue and ground by the teeth
2. mixed with saliva
Chemical digestion - answersSalivary amylase converts polysaccharides to
disaccharides
Esophagus - answers1. A muscular tube that lies posterior to the trachea and connects
the pharynx to the stomach
2. Sphincters
-Upper
-Lower
Esophagus and Swallowing - answersSwallowing (deglutition)
*divided into 3 phases
1. voluntary phase (Buccal phase)
2. pharyngeal phase
3. esophageal
Small Intestine - answersMajority of digestion and absorption occurs in the small
intestine
Intestinal Villi - answers1. contains an extensive capillary network. *Carry nutrients to
hepatic portal circulation for delivery to the liver
2. Contains Lacteals. *lymphatic capillaries *transport materials that cannot enter the
blood
Mechanical Digestion in the SI - answers1. Segmentation- localized contractions
-chyme sloshes back and forth as the process continues
Ingestion - answersselection intake of food
Digestive Function- Stages - answersIngestion
Digestion
Absorption
Compaction
Defecation
Digestion - answersMechanical and Chemical breakdown of food into a form usable by
the body
Absorption - answersuptake of nutrient molecules into the epithelial cells of the digestive
tract and then into the blood and lymph
Compaction - answersabsorbing water and consolidating the indigestible residue into
feces
Defecation - answerselimination of feces
Peritoneum - answersthe largest serous membrane in the body
1. lines the abdominal cavity
2. Omentum
projection of peritoneum
Mouth - answersformed by the cheeks, hard and soft palates, and tongue
, Salivary Glands - answerslie outside the mouth and empty their contents into ducts
which deliver saliva into the oral cavity
3 pairs of Salivary Glands - answersParotid- mostly water with salivary
Submandibular- watery but with enzyme (amylases) and mucous
Sublingual- thick viscous mucous protection
Saliva - answersContains:
1. water
2. salivary amylase: an enzyme that begins starch digestion in the mouth
3. lingual lipase: fat digestion
4. Mucus: lubricates mass of food and aids in swallowing
5. Lysozyme: enzyme that kills bacteria
6. Immunoglobulin A (IgA): an antibody that inhibits bacterial growth
7. electrolytes: Na+, K+, Cl-, phosphate, and bicarbonate
8. pH: 6.8 to 7.0
Mechanical digestion in the mouth - answersMastication
1. food is manipulated by the tongue and ground by the teeth
2. mixed with saliva
Chemical digestion - answersSalivary amylase converts polysaccharides to
disaccharides
Esophagus - answers1. A muscular tube that lies posterior to the trachea and connects
the pharynx to the stomach
2. Sphincters
-Upper
-Lower
Esophagus and Swallowing - answersSwallowing (deglutition)
*divided into 3 phases
1. voluntary phase (Buccal phase)
2. pharyngeal phase
3. esophageal
Small Intestine - answersMajority of digestion and absorption occurs in the small
intestine
Intestinal Villi - answers1. contains an extensive capillary network. *Carry nutrients to
hepatic portal circulation for delivery to the liver
2. Contains Lacteals. *lymphatic capillaries *transport materials that cannot enter the
blood
Mechanical Digestion in the SI - answers1. Segmentation- localized contractions
-chyme sloshes back and forth as the process continues
