EVS24
Stavanger, Norway, May 13-16, 2009
Test Procedures and Measurements for Recharge
Evaluation of Battery Electric Vehicles in Power
Concessionaires in Brazil
Luiz A. Pecorelli Peres1, José Francisco M. Pessanha1, Marcus Lellis P. Peçanha1
Acacio Barreto Neto2, David Targueta da Silva2, Maria Beatriz M. P. Medeiros2
1
Rio de Janeiro State University – UERJ, www.uerj.br,
2
Ampla Energy and Services, Inc.
Abstract
This text focuses test procedures and measurements carried out with a battery electric vehicle. In fact, it is
part of a pioneering research in Brazil whose the main objective was to elaborate a battery recharge test
methodology for performance evaluation of EVS. It is considered an important step for future electric
vehicle utilization in the scope of concessionaires transport activities as well of their customers. During the
research it was verified that the proposed test procedures and the specified instruments are adequate.
Keywords: energetic efficiency, state of charge, battery recharge, linear regression, electric vehicles
1 Introduction vehicles are underway because the risks of
investments in this area are better understood. This
The transport based solely on conventional Otto scenario provides initiatives from the electric
and Diesel cycles, even with renewable fuels, is power companies with regard to social and
gradually ceasing to be the most appropriate for a environmental responsibility, through the use and
better efficiency and less environmental impacts. promotion of clean transportation. In the economic
Electric vehicles could contribute to a more aspect, it is possible to predict reductions in
sustainable scenario in Brazil, since its energy operating expenses of their fleets, highlighting that
matrix is suited to this technology by huge the cost of recharging of electric vehicles in this
presence of hydroelectric generation [1,2]. Those case is attractive. In addition, the development of
considerations contributed towards the creation new business for this emerging market segment
of the Brazilian Electric Vehicle Association – will result in additional revenues, due to recharge
ABVE in August 2006. It is important to the batteries. This also applies to hybrid electric
highlight the growing concern worldwide with vehicles that could charge their batteries in the
atmospheric emissions caused by transport power grid, the so-called "plug-in hybrid electric
activities that are mostly powered by fossil fuels. vehicles”.
The damage from air pollution and imbalances These arguments stimulated Ampla Energy
produced by the so-called greenhouse gases, Services Inc. to establish in September, 2006 a
which have inter-linkages with climate change partnership with Rio de Janeiro State University –
explain this situation considered by several UERJ through its Electric Vehicles Studies Group
scientific institutions. In that sense there was a – GRUVE to conduct a research project. This
change of paradigm with regard to vehicular project was the first about road electric vehicles
propulsion systems. The gradual penetration of approved on the research & development program
electric vehicles is a consequence that needs supervised by Electric Energy National Agency –
research and studies, especially on electric ANEEL. Ampla supplies energy to 66
energy supply. It is important to mention recent municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro,
projects of massive introduction of electric
EVS24 International Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Symposium 1
, covering 73% of its territory with an area of 2 Vehicle description and test
31,784 km2 serving to 2.2 million customers.
The project goal was to develop a testing instrumentation
methodology for assessing the performance of It was utilized an electric “Palio Week End”
battery electric vehicles in order to meet the provided through the agreement signed between
conditions for their use both within the Itaipu Binational (Brazilian and Paraguayan
companies transport services and by their clients electric generation company) and Fiat, as well
who will become users of these automobiles. KWO and MES-DEA, both in Switzerland. Figure
Important activities were developed during the 2 below shows the electric vehicle in a recharge
research: station at Ampla headquarter in the city of Niterói.
- Implementation of the Vehicular Propulsion
Systems and Electrochemical Sources Laboratory
at UERJ as showed in Figure 1.
- Purchase of an electric vehicle to check the
feasibility of carrying out the tests with the
specified instruments.
- Test Execution and technical reports
preparation.
Figure 2: Recharging station at Ampla Energy Services
Inc headquarter in the city of Niterói
The electric vehicle components such as motor,
inverter, dc-dc converter, battery and its charger
are manufactured by MES-DEA. The other parts as
chassis, body and accessories are provided by Fiat.
This car is equipped with a special three-phase
asynchronous motor with 15 kW of power rating
and a nominal torque of 50 Nm. The battery is a
Figure1: Vehicular Propulsion Systems and high temperature sodium-nickel chloride Zebra
Electrochemical Sources Laboratory at UERJ type, 253 V, 76 Ah and 165 kg.
The research has established procedures to A committee coordinated by Itaipu Binational that
characterize energetic, environmental and participate electrical power companies, researching
economic parameters in order to demonstrate the centers, universities and Fiat are making efforts for
benefits of adoption of this technology by the improving the vehicle technical characteristics.
company. Forms and tables were developed to register
Additional studies were carried out for the traveled distances as well temperature, state of
identification of cultural, technological and charge and voltage of the battery.
institutional barriers in order to develop the In addition it was designed a bench by
electric vehicle technology in Brazil. LSPV/UERJ for connecting the vehicle to the
The high taxes burden on the production, selling power grid as showed in Figure 3. This figure also
and licensing of electric vehicles is the most shows the basic instrumentation to study the
serious obstacles identified. As a matter of fact battery recharging process through a MARH–21
they are more expensive in comparison with the energy analyzer, manufactured by RMS in Brazil.
taxes for internal combustion vehicles. With MARH-21 it is possible to record network
Of course it constitutes a contradiction that has supply voltage, current, active, reactive and
started to be modified recently by the Brazilian apparent power, harmonic components and total
Congress because the automotive law is outdated harmonic distortion of voltage and current, power
and do not consider the benefits of electric factor and energy consumption. These data can be
vehicles utilization. stored and observed by a computer graphic
interface during the test.
EVS24 International Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Symposium 2
Stavanger, Norway, May 13-16, 2009
Test Procedures and Measurements for Recharge
Evaluation of Battery Electric Vehicles in Power
Concessionaires in Brazil
Luiz A. Pecorelli Peres1, José Francisco M. Pessanha1, Marcus Lellis P. Peçanha1
Acacio Barreto Neto2, David Targueta da Silva2, Maria Beatriz M. P. Medeiros2
1
Rio de Janeiro State University – UERJ, www.uerj.br,
2
Ampla Energy and Services, Inc.
Abstract
This text focuses test procedures and measurements carried out with a battery electric vehicle. In fact, it is
part of a pioneering research in Brazil whose the main objective was to elaborate a battery recharge test
methodology for performance evaluation of EVS. It is considered an important step for future electric
vehicle utilization in the scope of concessionaires transport activities as well of their customers. During the
research it was verified that the proposed test procedures and the specified instruments are adequate.
Keywords: energetic efficiency, state of charge, battery recharge, linear regression, electric vehicles
1 Introduction vehicles are underway because the risks of
investments in this area are better understood. This
The transport based solely on conventional Otto scenario provides initiatives from the electric
and Diesel cycles, even with renewable fuels, is power companies with regard to social and
gradually ceasing to be the most appropriate for a environmental responsibility, through the use and
better efficiency and less environmental impacts. promotion of clean transportation. In the economic
Electric vehicles could contribute to a more aspect, it is possible to predict reductions in
sustainable scenario in Brazil, since its energy operating expenses of their fleets, highlighting that
matrix is suited to this technology by huge the cost of recharging of electric vehicles in this
presence of hydroelectric generation [1,2]. Those case is attractive. In addition, the development of
considerations contributed towards the creation new business for this emerging market segment
of the Brazilian Electric Vehicle Association – will result in additional revenues, due to recharge
ABVE in August 2006. It is important to the batteries. This also applies to hybrid electric
highlight the growing concern worldwide with vehicles that could charge their batteries in the
atmospheric emissions caused by transport power grid, the so-called "plug-in hybrid electric
activities that are mostly powered by fossil fuels. vehicles”.
The damage from air pollution and imbalances These arguments stimulated Ampla Energy
produced by the so-called greenhouse gases, Services Inc. to establish in September, 2006 a
which have inter-linkages with climate change partnership with Rio de Janeiro State University –
explain this situation considered by several UERJ through its Electric Vehicles Studies Group
scientific institutions. In that sense there was a – GRUVE to conduct a research project. This
change of paradigm with regard to vehicular project was the first about road electric vehicles
propulsion systems. The gradual penetration of approved on the research & development program
electric vehicles is a consequence that needs supervised by Electric Energy National Agency –
research and studies, especially on electric ANEEL. Ampla supplies energy to 66
energy supply. It is important to mention recent municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro,
projects of massive introduction of electric
EVS24 International Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Symposium 1
, covering 73% of its territory with an area of 2 Vehicle description and test
31,784 km2 serving to 2.2 million customers.
The project goal was to develop a testing instrumentation
methodology for assessing the performance of It was utilized an electric “Palio Week End”
battery electric vehicles in order to meet the provided through the agreement signed between
conditions for their use both within the Itaipu Binational (Brazilian and Paraguayan
companies transport services and by their clients electric generation company) and Fiat, as well
who will become users of these automobiles. KWO and MES-DEA, both in Switzerland. Figure
Important activities were developed during the 2 below shows the electric vehicle in a recharge
research: station at Ampla headquarter in the city of Niterói.
- Implementation of the Vehicular Propulsion
Systems and Electrochemical Sources Laboratory
at UERJ as showed in Figure 1.
- Purchase of an electric vehicle to check the
feasibility of carrying out the tests with the
specified instruments.
- Test Execution and technical reports
preparation.
Figure 2: Recharging station at Ampla Energy Services
Inc headquarter in the city of Niterói
The electric vehicle components such as motor,
inverter, dc-dc converter, battery and its charger
are manufactured by MES-DEA. The other parts as
chassis, body and accessories are provided by Fiat.
This car is equipped with a special three-phase
asynchronous motor with 15 kW of power rating
and a nominal torque of 50 Nm. The battery is a
Figure1: Vehicular Propulsion Systems and high temperature sodium-nickel chloride Zebra
Electrochemical Sources Laboratory at UERJ type, 253 V, 76 Ah and 165 kg.
The research has established procedures to A committee coordinated by Itaipu Binational that
characterize energetic, environmental and participate electrical power companies, researching
economic parameters in order to demonstrate the centers, universities and Fiat are making efforts for
benefits of adoption of this technology by the improving the vehicle technical characteristics.
company. Forms and tables were developed to register
Additional studies were carried out for the traveled distances as well temperature, state of
identification of cultural, technological and charge and voltage of the battery.
institutional barriers in order to develop the In addition it was designed a bench by
electric vehicle technology in Brazil. LSPV/UERJ for connecting the vehicle to the
The high taxes burden on the production, selling power grid as showed in Figure 3. This figure also
and licensing of electric vehicles is the most shows the basic instrumentation to study the
serious obstacles identified. As a matter of fact battery recharging process through a MARH–21
they are more expensive in comparison with the energy analyzer, manufactured by RMS in Brazil.
taxes for internal combustion vehicles. With MARH-21 it is possible to record network
Of course it constitutes a contradiction that has supply voltage, current, active, reactive and
started to be modified recently by the Brazilian apparent power, harmonic components and total
Congress because the automotive law is outdated harmonic distortion of voltage and current, power
and do not consider the benefits of electric factor and energy consumption. These data can be
vehicles utilization. stored and observed by a computer graphic
interface during the test.
EVS24 International Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Symposium 2
