INTRODUCTION TO
ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
VELMA
,Objectives
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to learn about:
• Definition terms
• Levels of structural complexity
• The internal environment and homeostasis
-Homeostasis
-Homeostatic imbalance
• Survival needs of the body
-Communication
-Intake of raw materials and elimination of waste
-Protection and survival
,INTRODUCTION
• Anatomy: study of the structure of the body and the physical relationships
involved between body parts.
• Physiology: study of how the parts of the body work, and the ways in whic
they cooperate together to maintain life and health of the individual.
• Pathology: study of abnormalities and how they affect body functions, ofte
causing illness.
• Pathophysiology: is a convergence of pathology and physiology. It’s a
discipline which explains the physiological processes or mechanisms whereb
disease(pathology) develops and progresses.
• NB: WE SHALL BE DISCUSSING ABOUT THE NORMAL ANATOMY
AND PHYSIOLOGY
, LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL
COMPLEXITY
• Within the body are different levels of structural organisation and complexity. The most fundamental o
these is chemical.
• Atoms combine to form molecules, of which there is a vast range in the body
• Cells: smallest independent units of living matter and there are trillions of them in the body,
– Can’t be seen with the naked eye,
– Can be microscopically distinguished by their size, shape and the dyes they absorb when stained in the
laboratory.
• Each cell type
– is specialised,
– carries out a particular function that contributes to body needs.
• Cells with similar structures and functions form tissues.
• Different types of tissue form organs that carry out a specific function.
• Systems consist of a number of organs and tissues that together contribute to one or more survival need
the body.
ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
VELMA
,Objectives
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to learn about:
• Definition terms
• Levels of structural complexity
• The internal environment and homeostasis
-Homeostasis
-Homeostatic imbalance
• Survival needs of the body
-Communication
-Intake of raw materials and elimination of waste
-Protection and survival
,INTRODUCTION
• Anatomy: study of the structure of the body and the physical relationships
involved between body parts.
• Physiology: study of how the parts of the body work, and the ways in whic
they cooperate together to maintain life and health of the individual.
• Pathology: study of abnormalities and how they affect body functions, ofte
causing illness.
• Pathophysiology: is a convergence of pathology and physiology. It’s a
discipline which explains the physiological processes or mechanisms whereb
disease(pathology) develops and progresses.
• NB: WE SHALL BE DISCUSSING ABOUT THE NORMAL ANATOMY
AND PHYSIOLOGY
, LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL
COMPLEXITY
• Within the body are different levels of structural organisation and complexity. The most fundamental o
these is chemical.
• Atoms combine to form molecules, of which there is a vast range in the body
• Cells: smallest independent units of living matter and there are trillions of them in the body,
– Can’t be seen with the naked eye,
– Can be microscopically distinguished by their size, shape and the dyes they absorb when stained in the
laboratory.
• Each cell type
– is specialised,
– carries out a particular function that contributes to body needs.
• Cells with similar structures and functions form tissues.
• Different types of tissue form organs that carry out a specific function.
• Systems consist of a number of organs and tissues that together contribute to one or more survival need
the body.
