MUTHAYAMMAL COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCE (AUTONOMOUS)
DEPARTMENT OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT AND CATERING SCIENCE
Staff Name: Mr. VASANTHA RAGAVAN K Class: I HMCS Paper Code:
23M1UHMA01 Paper Name: GEC THEORY - I FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
Unit: II
WATER
Water is the largest constituent of the body, about 60 – 70% of the total body weight.
Water is important for human exercises.
Water is colorless, calorie less compound of hydrogen and oxygen which helps to survive
the every cell in the body.
IMPORTANCE OF WATER:
It is an essential constituent of all the cells of the body and the internal environment.
It serves as a transport medium by which most of the nutrients pass into the cells and
remove excretory products.
Water provides the aqueous medium which is essential for the various biochemical
reactions to occur.
It serves as a vehicle for transport of solutes.
Water plays a vital role in the maintenance of body temperature.
Water directly participates as a reactant in several metabolic reactions.
Water contains significant amount of minerals such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, zinc,
copper and fluoride.
Saliva contain about 99.5% water which makes swallowing easier by moistening the food.
Water helps in maintaining the form and texture of the tissues.
Water is essential for the maintenance of acid-base and electrolyte balance.
It forms a part of fluids in body tissues eg., amniotic fluid surrounds and protects the
foetus during pregnancy.
DISTRIBUTION OF WATER:
A 70kg normal man contains 42 litres of water. The distribution of water in an adultman is
given below,
1
, Compartment Body weight Volume (L)
(%)
Total 60 42
Intracellular fluid (ICF) 40 28
Extracellular fluid (ECF) 20 14
Interstitial fluid 15 10.5
Plasma 5 3.5
WATER BALANCE:
The body possesses a capacity to regulate its water content. This is achieved bybalancing
the daily water intake and water output.
a) Water intake:
Water is supplied to the body by exogenous and endogenous sources.
i) Exogenous water:
Ingested water and beverages, water content of solid foods constitute the exogenoussource
of water.
ii) Endogenous water:
The metabolic water produced within the body is the endogenous water and is derived
from the oxidation of food stuffs.
Food stuffs (700ml)
Metabolic water (300ml)
Drinking water & beverages (1500ml)
Body water
Water
Feces (150ml)
Urine (1500ml)
Skin (450ml)
Lungs (400ml) Water
output
b) Water output:
There are 4 distinct routes for the elimination of water from the body – Urine, skin,lungs
and feces.
i) Urine:
This is the major route for water loss from the body. In a healthy individual, the urineoutput
is about 1-2 litre/day.
ii) Skin:
The loss of water through the skin is 450ml/day. The loss is more in hot water andsevere
2
, fever.
3
DEPARTMENT OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT AND CATERING SCIENCE
Staff Name: Mr. VASANTHA RAGAVAN K Class: I HMCS Paper Code:
23M1UHMA01 Paper Name: GEC THEORY - I FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
Unit: II
WATER
Water is the largest constituent of the body, about 60 – 70% of the total body weight.
Water is important for human exercises.
Water is colorless, calorie less compound of hydrogen and oxygen which helps to survive
the every cell in the body.
IMPORTANCE OF WATER:
It is an essential constituent of all the cells of the body and the internal environment.
It serves as a transport medium by which most of the nutrients pass into the cells and
remove excretory products.
Water provides the aqueous medium which is essential for the various biochemical
reactions to occur.
It serves as a vehicle for transport of solutes.
Water plays a vital role in the maintenance of body temperature.
Water directly participates as a reactant in several metabolic reactions.
Water contains significant amount of minerals such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, zinc,
copper and fluoride.
Saliva contain about 99.5% water which makes swallowing easier by moistening the food.
Water helps in maintaining the form and texture of the tissues.
Water is essential for the maintenance of acid-base and electrolyte balance.
It forms a part of fluids in body tissues eg., amniotic fluid surrounds and protects the
foetus during pregnancy.
DISTRIBUTION OF WATER:
A 70kg normal man contains 42 litres of water. The distribution of water in an adultman is
given below,
1
, Compartment Body weight Volume (L)
(%)
Total 60 42
Intracellular fluid (ICF) 40 28
Extracellular fluid (ECF) 20 14
Interstitial fluid 15 10.5
Plasma 5 3.5
WATER BALANCE:
The body possesses a capacity to regulate its water content. This is achieved bybalancing
the daily water intake and water output.
a) Water intake:
Water is supplied to the body by exogenous and endogenous sources.
i) Exogenous water:
Ingested water and beverages, water content of solid foods constitute the exogenoussource
of water.
ii) Endogenous water:
The metabolic water produced within the body is the endogenous water and is derived
from the oxidation of food stuffs.
Food stuffs (700ml)
Metabolic water (300ml)
Drinking water & beverages (1500ml)
Body water
Water
Feces (150ml)
Urine (1500ml)
Skin (450ml)
Lungs (400ml) Water
output
b) Water output:
There are 4 distinct routes for the elimination of water from the body – Urine, skin,lungs
and feces.
i) Urine:
This is the major route for water loss from the body. In a healthy individual, the urineoutput
is about 1-2 litre/day.
ii) Skin:
The loss of water through the skin is 450ml/day. The loss is more in hot water andsevere
2
, fever.
3
