Test Bank for Leadership Roles and Management
Functions in Nursing: Theory and Application 11th
Edition by by Carol J.
The nurse is applying a decision making process to a clinical challenge. When
applying this process the nurse must?
A. Choose between different courses of action
B. Analyze the root cause of a situation
C. Prioritize the maximum good for the maximum number of people
D. Begin by solving the underlying problem - ANSWER A. Choose between
different courses of action
Feedback: Decision making is a complex, cognitive process often defined as
choosing a
particular course of action. Problem solving is part of decision making and is a
systematic
process that focuses on analyzing a difficult situation. It is not always realistic for the
nurse
to solve each of the problems contributing to a larger challenge, especially at the
beginning
of the decision-making process. The nurse often lacks the time, information, or
resources to
analyze the root causes of a situation. Many times, the nurse makes a decision that
benefits
the largest number of people, but this is not always feasible or desirable
The nurse is applying the traditional problem-solving model when mediating in a
conflict between two colleagues. When applying this model, the nurse should
prioritize what task?
A. Encouraging each nurse to reflect on his or her actions
B. Implementing a solution as quickly as possible
C. Eliciting input from other nurses
D. Identify the root cause of conflict - ANSWER D. Identify the root cause of
conflict
Feedback: The traditional problem-solving model attempts to identify the root
problem in
situations, a task that can require much time and energy. Efficiency is desirable, but
trying
to implement a solution as quickly as possible can result in a hasty and incorrect
solution.
Reflective thinking is always beneficial, but this is not a specific component of the
traditional problem-solving model. Outside input may or may not be necessary; this
varies
with each individual problem.
,Which statement is true regarding decision-making?
A. Past experience has little to do with quality of the decision
B. Personal belief can be adjusted for when the scientific approach to problem-
solving is used
C. Decisions are greatly influenced by each person's value system.
D. Scientific methods to provide identical decisions by different individuals for the
same problem. - ANSWER C. Decisions are greatly influenced by each person's
value system.
Feedback: Values, life experience, individual preference, and individual ways of
thinking
will influence a person's decision making. No matter how objective the criteria will be,
value judgments will always play a part in a person's decision making, either
consciously or
subconsciously. It is not possible for a nurse to fully "set aside" personal beliefs
when
making a decision, even if the nurse applies the principles of self-reflection
The nurse manager of a short staffed unit needs to make a decision about a nurses
request for an unpaid leave of absence. In order to increase the chance of making a
good decision, the manager should:
A. Involved as many people in the decision making process as possible
B. Prioritize the option that is most innovative
C. Generate as many different alternatives as possible
D. Begin the decision making process by presuming the status quo to be the best
option - ANSWER C. Generate as many different alternatives as possible
Feedback: The greater the number of alternatives that can be generated by the
decision
maker, the better the final decision will be. Generating multiple alternatives may
require
involving more people in the decision-making process, but the process can easily
become
unwieldy if too many people are involved. The manager should always consider the
status
quo as a possible option, but this is not always considered to be the default option.
Innovation is often a desirable characteristic, but it would be inappropriate to choose
an
option solely because it is innovative; many other values must be considered
An experience nurse manager has been described as being a " right brain thinker ".
This managers decision making process likely prioritize what characteristic?
A. Transparency
B. Efficiency
C. Intuition
D. Linear analysis - ANSWER C. Intuition
Feedback: Right-brained thinkers have traditionally been characterized as being
creative and
,intuitive. Linear analysis is more closely aligned with left-brained thinking.
Transparency
and efficiency are desirable qualities that are not particularly aligned with either of
these
two paradigms
The nurse manager is applying an evidence-based approach to a clinical question
around client mobilization. When using PICO format to search for evidence, the
nurse should identify what?
A. The preferences of clients and their families
B. The role of intuition in the decision making process
C. The clients for whom the intervention would be relevant
D. Cost associated with a potential change in practice - ANSWER C. The clients
for whom the intervention would be relevant
Feedback: The PICO (patient or population, intervention, comparison, and outcome)
format
is used in evidence-based practice to guide the search for the current best evidence
to
address a problem. Client and family preferences and cost are included in evidence-
based
practice but are not explicit components of the PICO format. Intuition is a component
of
decision making but is not specifically included in the PICO format
The nurse manager is applying the decision making process when addressing a
nurses high rate of absenteeism. This process should result in:
A. An action that guarantee success
B. A new understanding of the problem
C. A chosen course of action
D. an outcome that is desired by all - ANSWER C. A chosen course of action
Feedback: A decision is made when a course of action has been chosen. A decision
may not
always be pleasing to everyone involved in the situation, and success can never be
fully guaranteed. The manager should seek to fully understand the problem, but this
is a phase in
decision making, not the result of the process
The nurse manager is face with a difficult decision in a situation that involves the
managers values. What is the managers best action?
A. try to Base a decision on intuition rather than values.
B. Defer the decision to a colleague with different values.
C. Set aside his or her values and make a rational decision.
D. Identify and reflect on his or her own value - ANSWER D. Identify and reflect on
his or her own value
Feedback: Every person has a value system, and this cannot be simply "set aside."
Awareness and reflection are necessary to make good decisions in the context of
one's own
values. Intuition and values are not counterpoints, and prioritizing intuition does not
negate
, the importance of values. Values influence every decision to varying degrees, and it
is
impractical to defer every value-laden decision to someone else
What statement is true concerning critical thinking?
A.It is narrower in scope than decision making
B. It is a synonym for problem-solving process
C.It is a simple approach to decision-making
D. It requires reasoning and creative analysis - ANSWER D. It requires reasoning
and creative analysis
Feedback: Critical thinking has a broader scope and is more complex than decision
making
and problem solving. It is sometimes referred to as reflective thinking. Critical
thinking also
involves reflecting on the meaning of statements, examining the offered evidence
and reasoning, and forming judgments about facts
A nurse manager has realized that the data gathering process before a recent
decision may be influenced by confirmation bias. How can the manager best prevent
this in the future?
A. Collect only the minimum quality of data before making a decision.
B.Delegate data gathering to a trusted colleague who has different values
C.Make sure not to prioritize information that supports managers beliefs.
D. consider all implications of an alternative before making a decision - ANSWER
C.Make sure not to prioritize information that supports managers beliefs.
Feedback: Confirmation bias refers to our tendency to search for and favor
information that
confirms our beliefs while simultaneously ignoring or devaluing information that
contradicts
our beliefs. Self-awareness and reflection can reduce this tendency. Delegating the
data-gathering process may be beneficial in some situations, but every person is
prone to
confirmation bias, although in differing ways. Considering the implications of a
decision is
an important part of decision making but does not address the issue of confirmation
bias. Minimizing data collection may reduce confirmation bias but could compromise
the quality of a decision
A nurse manager has made a decision and is now preparing to evaluate the
decision. What question should best guide the nurses evaluation process?
A. Did the outcome align with original objectives?
B. Can evaluation be eliminated if the problem is resolved?
C. Is evaluation necessary when using a good decision making model?
D. Is every party happy with the outcome of the decision? - ANSWER A. Did the
outcome align with original objectives?
Feedback: The evaluation phase is necessary to find out more about one's ability as
a
decision maker and to find out where the decision making was faulty. This step
cannot be
Functions in Nursing: Theory and Application 11th
Edition by by Carol J.
The nurse is applying a decision making process to a clinical challenge. When
applying this process the nurse must?
A. Choose between different courses of action
B. Analyze the root cause of a situation
C. Prioritize the maximum good for the maximum number of people
D. Begin by solving the underlying problem - ANSWER A. Choose between
different courses of action
Feedback: Decision making is a complex, cognitive process often defined as
choosing a
particular course of action. Problem solving is part of decision making and is a
systematic
process that focuses on analyzing a difficult situation. It is not always realistic for the
nurse
to solve each of the problems contributing to a larger challenge, especially at the
beginning
of the decision-making process. The nurse often lacks the time, information, or
resources to
analyze the root causes of a situation. Many times, the nurse makes a decision that
benefits
the largest number of people, but this is not always feasible or desirable
The nurse is applying the traditional problem-solving model when mediating in a
conflict between two colleagues. When applying this model, the nurse should
prioritize what task?
A. Encouraging each nurse to reflect on his or her actions
B. Implementing a solution as quickly as possible
C. Eliciting input from other nurses
D. Identify the root cause of conflict - ANSWER D. Identify the root cause of
conflict
Feedback: The traditional problem-solving model attempts to identify the root
problem in
situations, a task that can require much time and energy. Efficiency is desirable, but
trying
to implement a solution as quickly as possible can result in a hasty and incorrect
solution.
Reflective thinking is always beneficial, but this is not a specific component of the
traditional problem-solving model. Outside input may or may not be necessary; this
varies
with each individual problem.
,Which statement is true regarding decision-making?
A. Past experience has little to do with quality of the decision
B. Personal belief can be adjusted for when the scientific approach to problem-
solving is used
C. Decisions are greatly influenced by each person's value system.
D. Scientific methods to provide identical decisions by different individuals for the
same problem. - ANSWER C. Decisions are greatly influenced by each person's
value system.
Feedback: Values, life experience, individual preference, and individual ways of
thinking
will influence a person's decision making. No matter how objective the criteria will be,
value judgments will always play a part in a person's decision making, either
consciously or
subconsciously. It is not possible for a nurse to fully "set aside" personal beliefs
when
making a decision, even if the nurse applies the principles of self-reflection
The nurse manager of a short staffed unit needs to make a decision about a nurses
request for an unpaid leave of absence. In order to increase the chance of making a
good decision, the manager should:
A. Involved as many people in the decision making process as possible
B. Prioritize the option that is most innovative
C. Generate as many different alternatives as possible
D. Begin the decision making process by presuming the status quo to be the best
option - ANSWER C. Generate as many different alternatives as possible
Feedback: The greater the number of alternatives that can be generated by the
decision
maker, the better the final decision will be. Generating multiple alternatives may
require
involving more people in the decision-making process, but the process can easily
become
unwieldy if too many people are involved. The manager should always consider the
status
quo as a possible option, but this is not always considered to be the default option.
Innovation is often a desirable characteristic, but it would be inappropriate to choose
an
option solely because it is innovative; many other values must be considered
An experience nurse manager has been described as being a " right brain thinker ".
This managers decision making process likely prioritize what characteristic?
A. Transparency
B. Efficiency
C. Intuition
D. Linear analysis - ANSWER C. Intuition
Feedback: Right-brained thinkers have traditionally been characterized as being
creative and
,intuitive. Linear analysis is more closely aligned with left-brained thinking.
Transparency
and efficiency are desirable qualities that are not particularly aligned with either of
these
two paradigms
The nurse manager is applying an evidence-based approach to a clinical question
around client mobilization. When using PICO format to search for evidence, the
nurse should identify what?
A. The preferences of clients and their families
B. The role of intuition in the decision making process
C. The clients for whom the intervention would be relevant
D. Cost associated with a potential change in practice - ANSWER C. The clients
for whom the intervention would be relevant
Feedback: The PICO (patient or population, intervention, comparison, and outcome)
format
is used in evidence-based practice to guide the search for the current best evidence
to
address a problem. Client and family preferences and cost are included in evidence-
based
practice but are not explicit components of the PICO format. Intuition is a component
of
decision making but is not specifically included in the PICO format
The nurse manager is applying the decision making process when addressing a
nurses high rate of absenteeism. This process should result in:
A. An action that guarantee success
B. A new understanding of the problem
C. A chosen course of action
D. an outcome that is desired by all - ANSWER C. A chosen course of action
Feedback: A decision is made when a course of action has been chosen. A decision
may not
always be pleasing to everyone involved in the situation, and success can never be
fully guaranteed. The manager should seek to fully understand the problem, but this
is a phase in
decision making, not the result of the process
The nurse manager is face with a difficult decision in a situation that involves the
managers values. What is the managers best action?
A. try to Base a decision on intuition rather than values.
B. Defer the decision to a colleague with different values.
C. Set aside his or her values and make a rational decision.
D. Identify and reflect on his or her own value - ANSWER D. Identify and reflect on
his or her own value
Feedback: Every person has a value system, and this cannot be simply "set aside."
Awareness and reflection are necessary to make good decisions in the context of
one's own
values. Intuition and values are not counterpoints, and prioritizing intuition does not
negate
, the importance of values. Values influence every decision to varying degrees, and it
is
impractical to defer every value-laden decision to someone else
What statement is true concerning critical thinking?
A.It is narrower in scope than decision making
B. It is a synonym for problem-solving process
C.It is a simple approach to decision-making
D. It requires reasoning and creative analysis - ANSWER D. It requires reasoning
and creative analysis
Feedback: Critical thinking has a broader scope and is more complex than decision
making
and problem solving. It is sometimes referred to as reflective thinking. Critical
thinking also
involves reflecting on the meaning of statements, examining the offered evidence
and reasoning, and forming judgments about facts
A nurse manager has realized that the data gathering process before a recent
decision may be influenced by confirmation bias. How can the manager best prevent
this in the future?
A. Collect only the minimum quality of data before making a decision.
B.Delegate data gathering to a trusted colleague who has different values
C.Make sure not to prioritize information that supports managers beliefs.
D. consider all implications of an alternative before making a decision - ANSWER
C.Make sure not to prioritize information that supports managers beliefs.
Feedback: Confirmation bias refers to our tendency to search for and favor
information that
confirms our beliefs while simultaneously ignoring or devaluing information that
contradicts
our beliefs. Self-awareness and reflection can reduce this tendency. Delegating the
data-gathering process may be beneficial in some situations, but every person is
prone to
confirmation bias, although in differing ways. Considering the implications of a
decision is
an important part of decision making but does not address the issue of confirmation
bias. Minimizing data collection may reduce confirmation bias but could compromise
the quality of a decision
A nurse manager has made a decision and is now preparing to evaluate the
decision. What question should best guide the nurses evaluation process?
A. Did the outcome align with original objectives?
B. Can evaluation be eliminated if the problem is resolved?
C. Is evaluation necessary when using a good decision making model?
D. Is every party happy with the outcome of the decision? - ANSWER A. Did the
outcome align with original objectives?
Feedback: The evaluation phase is necessary to find out more about one's ability as
a
decision maker and to find out where the decision making was faulty. This step
cannot be
