BIOS 252 MIDTERM
What are the 4 properties of muscle tissue? - ANSWER excitability, contractility,
extensibility, elasticity
What are the types of muscular tissue? - ANSWER skeletal, cardiac, smooth
What is the function of skeletal muscle? - ANSWER movement of bones, posture
What is the function of cardiac muscle? - ANSWER pump blood throughout the
body
What is the function of smooth muscle? - ANSWER contraction
What are connective tissue components? - ANSWER epimysium, perimysium,
endomysium
Fibers found in connective tissue - ANSWER collagen, elastic, reticular
function of connective tissue - ANSWER bind, support, protect, fill spaces, store
fat, produce blood cells
skeletal muscle - ANSWER striated and voluntary
cardiac muscle - ANSWER Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart, and
striated
smooth muscle - ANSWER Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs
of the body, and no striations
sliding filament theory - ANSWER theory that actin filaments slide toward each
other during muscle contraction, while the myosin filaments are still
twitch contraction - ANSWER the brief contraction of all the muscle fibers in a
motor unit in response to a single action potential in its motor neuron
frequency of stimulation - ANSWER the higher the frequency, the greater the force
isotonic contraction - ANSWER muscle shortens because muscle tension exceeds
load
isometric contraction - ANSWER Muscle contracts but there is no movement,
muscle stays the same length
origin - ANSWER attachment to stationary bone
, Insertion - ANSWER attachment to movable bone
lever system - ANSWER Consists of a lever (bone), effort (muscle action),
resistance (weight of object to be moved), and fulcrum (joint).
1st class lever - ANSWER fulcrum between effort and load
ex: head resting on spine
2nd class lever - ANSWER the load is between the fulcrum and the effort
ex: standing on tip toes
3rd class lever - ANSWER The effort is between the fulcrum and the load
ex: bending elbow
Agonist - ANSWER prime mover
antagonist - ANSWER opponent of prime mover
Synergist - ANSWER Muscle that assists a prime mover
Muscles of head that move eyeballs and upper eyelids - ANSWER superior
oblique: down and in
lateral rectus
medial rectus
inferior rectus: down and out
superior rectus: up and out
inferior oblique: up and in
muscles that assist in breathing - ANSWER diaphragm: depresses on inhalation
External intercostals: inhalation
Inter intercostals: exhalation
Muscles of arm that move radius and ulna - ANSWER -radialis
-brachialis
-biceps brachii
-brachioralis
- triceps brachii
-pronator teres
- supinator
Muscles of thigh that move the femur, tibia and fibula - ANSWER - gracilis
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
-vastus intermedius
- sartoris
- biceps femoris
- semitendinosis
- simimembranous
What are the 4 properties of muscle tissue? - ANSWER excitability, contractility,
extensibility, elasticity
What are the types of muscular tissue? - ANSWER skeletal, cardiac, smooth
What is the function of skeletal muscle? - ANSWER movement of bones, posture
What is the function of cardiac muscle? - ANSWER pump blood throughout the
body
What is the function of smooth muscle? - ANSWER contraction
What are connective tissue components? - ANSWER epimysium, perimysium,
endomysium
Fibers found in connective tissue - ANSWER collagen, elastic, reticular
function of connective tissue - ANSWER bind, support, protect, fill spaces, store
fat, produce blood cells
skeletal muscle - ANSWER striated and voluntary
cardiac muscle - ANSWER Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart, and
striated
smooth muscle - ANSWER Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs
of the body, and no striations
sliding filament theory - ANSWER theory that actin filaments slide toward each
other during muscle contraction, while the myosin filaments are still
twitch contraction - ANSWER the brief contraction of all the muscle fibers in a
motor unit in response to a single action potential in its motor neuron
frequency of stimulation - ANSWER the higher the frequency, the greater the force
isotonic contraction - ANSWER muscle shortens because muscle tension exceeds
load
isometric contraction - ANSWER Muscle contracts but there is no movement,
muscle stays the same length
origin - ANSWER attachment to stationary bone
, Insertion - ANSWER attachment to movable bone
lever system - ANSWER Consists of a lever (bone), effort (muscle action),
resistance (weight of object to be moved), and fulcrum (joint).
1st class lever - ANSWER fulcrum between effort and load
ex: head resting on spine
2nd class lever - ANSWER the load is between the fulcrum and the effort
ex: standing on tip toes
3rd class lever - ANSWER The effort is between the fulcrum and the load
ex: bending elbow
Agonist - ANSWER prime mover
antagonist - ANSWER opponent of prime mover
Synergist - ANSWER Muscle that assists a prime mover
Muscles of head that move eyeballs and upper eyelids - ANSWER superior
oblique: down and in
lateral rectus
medial rectus
inferior rectus: down and out
superior rectus: up and out
inferior oblique: up and in
muscles that assist in breathing - ANSWER diaphragm: depresses on inhalation
External intercostals: inhalation
Inter intercostals: exhalation
Muscles of arm that move radius and ulna - ANSWER -radialis
-brachialis
-biceps brachii
-brachioralis
- triceps brachii
-pronator teres
- supinator
Muscles of thigh that move the femur, tibia and fibula - ANSWER - gracilis
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
-vastus intermedius
- sartoris
- biceps femoris
- semitendinosis
- simimembranous
