BIOS 252 MIDTERM

BIOS 252 / BIOS252 Anatomy and Physiology II
Exam Review| Rated A Guide with Verified
Answers (2023/ 2024 Update) -Chamberlain




What are the two structural components of the central nervous system? - ANSWER
The brain and the spinal cord.

What is the function of the spinal cord? - ANSWER To serve as a vital link between
the brain and the rest of the body.

What are the projections emerging from the spinal cord called? - ANSWER Spinal
nerves.

Where is the brain located? - ANSWER Within the cranial cavity (skull).

What are the distinct regions of the spinal cord? - ANSWER Cervical, thoracic,
lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.

What is the vertebral canal? - ANSWER The space within the vertebrae that
houses the spinal cord.

What is the relationship between the spinal cord and the brain? - ANSWER The
spinal cord is essentially the inferior extension of the brain.

Where does the spinal cord terminate? - ANSWER L1 vertebrate

What is the tip of the spinal cord called? - ANSWER Conus medularis

What are the extensions of the spinal cord beyond the L1 vertebrae called? -
ANSWER Nerves

What is the name of the extension of the pia mater that arises from the conus
medularis? - ANSWER Filum terminale

What are the thickened regions of the spinal cord called? - ANSWER
Enlargements

Where are the enlargements of the spinal cord found? - ANSWER Cervical and
lumbar segments

What is the function of the filum terminale? - ANSWER To anchor the spinal cord
in place

, What is the name of the protective layer that merges with the filum terminale? -
ANSWER Pia mater

What is the name of the region where the pia mater tapers to an end? - ANSWER
Coccygeal region

What is the significance of the enlargements of the spinal cord? - ANSWER They
are regions of variable thickness and are important for the emergence of spinal
nerves

What are the regions of the spinal cord where enlargements are found? - ANSWER
Cervical and lumbar segments

What is the dorsal horn responsible for? - ANSWER Receiving sensory input and
coordinating reflexes.

What is the function of the anterior/ventral horn? - ANSWER Responsible for motor
output information.

What does a cross section of the spinal column show? - ANSWER Greater ratio of
gray matter as you descend from cervical to sacral.

What is contained in the anterior horns? - ANSWER Cell bodies of motor neurons.

What is epineurium? - ANSWER Outer covering of nerve

What is perineurium? - ANSWER Surrounds nerve fascicles

What is endoneurium? - ANSWER Surrounds individual axons in a fascicle

How many pairs of cervical nerves are there? - ANSWER 8 pairs

How many pairs of thoracic nerves are there? - ANSWER 12 pairs

How many pairs of lumbar nerves are there? - ANSWER 5 pairs

How many pairs of sacral nerves are there? - ANSWER 5 pairs

How many pairs of coccygeal nerves are there? - ANSWER 1 pair

What is the function of the anterior root? - ANSWER Carries motor signals to
distant parts of the body.

What is the function of the posterior root? - ANSWER Carries sensory information
to the spinal cord.

What is a nerve plexus? - ANSWER A network of nerves.

What is an anterior ramus? - ANSWER A branch off a spinal nerve serving the
anterior body.