Test Bank For Drugs and the Neuroscience of Behavior:
An Introduction to Psychopharmacology 2nd Edition by
Adam Prus Chapter 1-15 Complete Guide A+
Whats the goal of behavioral neuroscience? - ANSWER understand human
behavior by performing physical measurements of brain function
When looking at measuring methods what does mobility of the method refer to? -
ANSWER (only applies to functional measures)
~Is there a limitation on what or who can be looked at
-Telemetry: automated communications process by which measurements and other
data are collected at remote or inaccessible points and transmitted to receiving
equipment for monitoring.
What is the general measurement for time resolution? - ANSWER msec
Phrenology, that looked at bumps on the top if the skull and related them to function
was disproved but what about the theory was essentially right? - ANSWER
localizing function
What would be a really fast way to disprove phrenology? - ANSWER cut open the
head and see if the bumps on the outside of the head are correlated to the shape of
the brain underneath
How do CAT/CT scans work? - ANSWER shoots x-rays through the brain and then
quantifies them
"the brain never forgets" refers to what about CAT scans? - ANSWER your brain is
exposed to a little bit of radiation each time but the damages will build up
What do CAT scan show? - ANSWER structure, not function (but some functional
information can be garnered from lesions and malformations)
How is the spatial and temporal resolution of CAT scans? - ANSWER spatial: good
(<1mm)
temporal: N/A
Does MRI or CT scans have better spatial resolution? - ANSWER MRI scanes
NMR used to be called what? - ANSWER NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance
is a scary name for the public
What does MRI show? - ANSWER structure not function
,What is the spatial and temporal resolution of MRI? - ANSWER spatial- excellent
(10s of micrometer)
temporal- N/A
What is the story of Bill oldendorf and the "brainless doctor" - ANSWER the
brainless doctor had an obstruction in his cerebral aqueduct and the inter cranial
pressure was building up slowly. The ventricles were compressing his brain into a
few centimeters of the cortex. When he took an MRI of himself it looked as though
he had no brain
What does an fMRI measure? - ANSWER allows function to be measured by MRI
~measures oxygenated blood to see what parts of the brain are activated and
therefore active when preforming certain tasks
What can fMRI not tell us - ANSWER Whether the lighting up of oxygenated blood
in the fMRI is about excitation or inhibition
What is the spatial and temporal resolution of fMRI and mobility? - ANSWER
spatial: excellent (same as MRI)
temporal: lousy (sec to min)
immobile
What is the new ultra-low field MRI - ANSWER may measure neuronal current, but
is immobile
How does a PET scan work? - ANSWER (positron emission tomography)
doctor injects radioactively tagged glucose that accumulates in cells that are active, it
emits positions that hit an electron and release a gamma ray. The gamma rays are
detected and the position of the activated cell can be located
PET scans are getting outdated by MRI but what are they mainly used for today? -
ANSWER locating metabolically active tumors
What do PET scans show? - ANSWER structure and function
What can pet scans not tell us - ANSWER whether its excitation or inhibition
How is the spatial and temporal resolution of PET scans and mobility? - ANSWER
spatial: good (~3mm)
temporal: bad (minutes)
immobile
EEG + evoked potentials show what? - ANSWER structure and function
~can be an imaging technique with proper computer modeling
How is the temporal and spatial resolution of EEG and mobility? - ANSWER
temporal: excellent <1ms
spatial: fair-poor (~1 cm) based on the fact that the skull is a poor electrical
conductor and is very non consistent
mobile~
, What is EEG? - ANSWER potentials are conducted out of the cell and EEG
measures these electrical potentials as brain waves
How does MEG work? - ANSWER magnetocephalography
~takes magnetic signals form current flowing from cells and the cryogenic cells
amplify the electric signal
~Skull doesn't distort magnetic field
What does MEG show? - ANSWER structure and function
Is MEG ambiguous about excitation or inhibition? - ANSWER no
How is the spatial and temporal resolution of MEG, hows its mobility? - ANSWER
temporal: excellent (<1 ms)
spatial: excellent (~1mm)
immobile
What is the room temperature atomic magnetrode? - ANSWER asme as MEG but
mobile
~very sensitive and can measure magnetic field at room temperature
~could be used to localize the source of seizures in the brain
How does ECOG (electrocorticography) function? - ANSWER puts ray of electrode
on, surgeon lightens up anesthesia so person can answer questions and they can
see which part is stimulated
~selective brain stimulation
What do ECoG show? - ANSWER structure and function
IS ECoG ambitious about excitation or inhibition? - ANSWER no
How is the mobility, temporal and spatial resolution of ECoG? - ANSWER spatial-
excellent (1mm depends on electrode size)
temporal- (<1 ms)
measurements can be preformed chronically= telemetry ???
SEEG (stereotaxic EEG) shows what? - ANSWER structure and function
What kinds of brain measuring techniques may involve brain stimulation? -
ANSWER ECOG and SEEG
How is the mobility, temporal and spatial resolution of SEEG? - ANSWER temporal
(excellent <1ms)
spatial excellent (10 micrometers, covered by electrode size)
measurements may be preformed chronically= telemetry
Is SEEG ambiguous about excitation or inhibition? - ANSWER no
What does the nissl stain stain? - ANSWER cell bodies
An Introduction to Psychopharmacology 2nd Edition by
Adam Prus Chapter 1-15 Complete Guide A+
Whats the goal of behavioral neuroscience? - ANSWER understand human
behavior by performing physical measurements of brain function
When looking at measuring methods what does mobility of the method refer to? -
ANSWER (only applies to functional measures)
~Is there a limitation on what or who can be looked at
-Telemetry: automated communications process by which measurements and other
data are collected at remote or inaccessible points and transmitted to receiving
equipment for monitoring.
What is the general measurement for time resolution? - ANSWER msec
Phrenology, that looked at bumps on the top if the skull and related them to function
was disproved but what about the theory was essentially right? - ANSWER
localizing function
What would be a really fast way to disprove phrenology? - ANSWER cut open the
head and see if the bumps on the outside of the head are correlated to the shape of
the brain underneath
How do CAT/CT scans work? - ANSWER shoots x-rays through the brain and then
quantifies them
"the brain never forgets" refers to what about CAT scans? - ANSWER your brain is
exposed to a little bit of radiation each time but the damages will build up
What do CAT scan show? - ANSWER structure, not function (but some functional
information can be garnered from lesions and malformations)
How is the spatial and temporal resolution of CAT scans? - ANSWER spatial: good
(<1mm)
temporal: N/A
Does MRI or CT scans have better spatial resolution? - ANSWER MRI scanes
NMR used to be called what? - ANSWER NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance
is a scary name for the public
What does MRI show? - ANSWER structure not function
,What is the spatial and temporal resolution of MRI? - ANSWER spatial- excellent
(10s of micrometer)
temporal- N/A
What is the story of Bill oldendorf and the "brainless doctor" - ANSWER the
brainless doctor had an obstruction in his cerebral aqueduct and the inter cranial
pressure was building up slowly. The ventricles were compressing his brain into a
few centimeters of the cortex. When he took an MRI of himself it looked as though
he had no brain
What does an fMRI measure? - ANSWER allows function to be measured by MRI
~measures oxygenated blood to see what parts of the brain are activated and
therefore active when preforming certain tasks
What can fMRI not tell us - ANSWER Whether the lighting up of oxygenated blood
in the fMRI is about excitation or inhibition
What is the spatial and temporal resolution of fMRI and mobility? - ANSWER
spatial: excellent (same as MRI)
temporal: lousy (sec to min)
immobile
What is the new ultra-low field MRI - ANSWER may measure neuronal current, but
is immobile
How does a PET scan work? - ANSWER (positron emission tomography)
doctor injects radioactively tagged glucose that accumulates in cells that are active, it
emits positions that hit an electron and release a gamma ray. The gamma rays are
detected and the position of the activated cell can be located
PET scans are getting outdated by MRI but what are they mainly used for today? -
ANSWER locating metabolically active tumors
What do PET scans show? - ANSWER structure and function
What can pet scans not tell us - ANSWER whether its excitation or inhibition
How is the spatial and temporal resolution of PET scans and mobility? - ANSWER
spatial: good (~3mm)
temporal: bad (minutes)
immobile
EEG + evoked potentials show what? - ANSWER structure and function
~can be an imaging technique with proper computer modeling
How is the temporal and spatial resolution of EEG and mobility? - ANSWER
temporal: excellent <1ms
spatial: fair-poor (~1 cm) based on the fact that the skull is a poor electrical
conductor and is very non consistent
mobile~
, What is EEG? - ANSWER potentials are conducted out of the cell and EEG
measures these electrical potentials as brain waves
How does MEG work? - ANSWER magnetocephalography
~takes magnetic signals form current flowing from cells and the cryogenic cells
amplify the electric signal
~Skull doesn't distort magnetic field
What does MEG show? - ANSWER structure and function
Is MEG ambiguous about excitation or inhibition? - ANSWER no
How is the spatial and temporal resolution of MEG, hows its mobility? - ANSWER
temporal: excellent (<1 ms)
spatial: excellent (~1mm)
immobile
What is the room temperature atomic magnetrode? - ANSWER asme as MEG but
mobile
~very sensitive and can measure magnetic field at room temperature
~could be used to localize the source of seizures in the brain
How does ECOG (electrocorticography) function? - ANSWER puts ray of electrode
on, surgeon lightens up anesthesia so person can answer questions and they can
see which part is stimulated
~selective brain stimulation
What do ECoG show? - ANSWER structure and function
IS ECoG ambitious about excitation or inhibition? - ANSWER no
How is the mobility, temporal and spatial resolution of ECoG? - ANSWER spatial-
excellent (1mm depends on electrode size)
temporal- (<1 ms)
measurements can be preformed chronically= telemetry ???
SEEG (stereotaxic EEG) shows what? - ANSWER structure and function
What kinds of brain measuring techniques may involve brain stimulation? -
ANSWER ECOG and SEEG
How is the mobility, temporal and spatial resolution of SEEG? - ANSWER temporal
(excellent <1ms)
spatial excellent (10 micrometers, covered by electrode size)
measurements may be preformed chronically= telemetry
Is SEEG ambiguous about excitation or inhibition? - ANSWER no
What does the nissl stain stain? - ANSWER cell bodies
