TEST BANK FOR MICROBIOLOGY, A SYSTEMS
APPROACH, 6TH EDITION, MARJORIE KELLY
COWAN, HEIDI SMITH
How do Prokaryotes differ from Eukaryotes - ANSWER No, no true nucleus, no
histones
Cell wall-sturdy made of Peptidoglycans
no organelles- few have internal membranes (REL,Gogli, RER?)
general Cellular Organization of Prokaryotic Cell- External - ANSWER
Appendages-
flagella-motiliy
pili-hollow appendage transfers DNA to other cells
fimbriae-hairlike bristles adhesion
Glyccalyx- protective, adhesive,receptor functions (slime layer)
general Cellular Organization of Prokaryotic Cell- Cell Envelope - ANSWER 1)
Outer Membrane-lipopolyssachide
2) Cell Wall-structural support
3) Cell Membrane-flow of nutrients
2 main components of cell envelope in most bacteria - ANSWER cell membrane,
cell wall
to maintain integrity of the cell
general Cellular Organization of Prokaryotic Cell- internal - ANSWER Cytoplasm-
water solution
Ribosomes-sites of protein synthesis
Inclusions-stores nutrients
Nucleoid/chromosome-condensed DNA
Actin cytoskeleton-shape of cell
Endospore-dormant body survival in adverse conditions
bacterial diseases - ANSWER these include "strep" throat, lyme disease, and ear
infections
prokaryotes - ANSWER the very first cells to appear on earth, sulfur compounds in
geothermal ocean vents
fimbriae - ANSWER fine, hairlike bristles extending from the cell surface that help
in adhesion to other cells and surfaces
cell wall - ANSWER a semirigid casing that provides structural support and shape
for the cell-made of peptidoglycan
, inclusion/granule - ANSWER stored nutrients such as fat, phosphate, or glycogen
deposited in dense crystals or particles that can be tapped into when needed
cell membrane - ANSWER (cytoplasm) a thin sheet of lipid and protein that
surrounds the cytoplasm and selectively controls the flow of materials into and out of
the cell pool
outer membrane - ANSWER extra membrane similar to cell membrane but also
containing lipopolysaccharide. controls flow of materials, and portions of it are toxic
to mammals when released, causes fever and shock in host
endospore - ANSWER dormant body formed within some bacteria that allows for
their survival in adverse conditions
cytoplasm - ANSWER water-based solution filling the entire cell
flagellum - ANSWER specialized appendage attached to the cell by a basal body
that holds a long, rotating filament. the movement pushes the cell forward and
provides motility
actin cytoskeleton - ANSWER long fibers of proteins that encircle the cell just
inside the cell membrane and contribute to the shape of the cell
ribosomes - ANSWER tiny particles composed of protein and RNA that are the
sites of protein synthesis
plasmid - ANSWER double-stranded DNA circle containing non essential genes,
antibiotic resistance
pilus - ANSWER an elongate, hollow appendage used in transfers of DNA to other
cells
bacterial chromosome - ANSWER (nucleoid) composed of condensed DNA
molecules. DNA directs all genetics and heredity of the cell and codes for all proteins
glycocalyx - ANSWER (pink coating) a coating of molecules external to the cell
wall. it serves protective, adhesiv, and receptor functions. it may fit tightly or be very
loose and diffuse
bacterial cells - ANSWER all of these invariably have a cell membrane, cytoplasm,
ribosomes, and one (or few) chromosomes, the majority have a cell wal,
cytoskeleton, and some form of surface coating or glycocalyx
prokaryotes - ANSWER specific structures that are found in some but not all of
these are flagella, pili, fimbriae, inclusions, endospores, and intracellular membranes
appendages - ANSWER several discrete types of accessory structures that sprout
from the surface of bacteria, are common but are not present on all species
flagella and axial filaments - ANSWER appendages that provide motility
APPROACH, 6TH EDITION, MARJORIE KELLY
COWAN, HEIDI SMITH
How do Prokaryotes differ from Eukaryotes - ANSWER No, no true nucleus, no
histones
Cell wall-sturdy made of Peptidoglycans
no organelles- few have internal membranes (REL,Gogli, RER?)
general Cellular Organization of Prokaryotic Cell- External - ANSWER
Appendages-
flagella-motiliy
pili-hollow appendage transfers DNA to other cells
fimbriae-hairlike bristles adhesion
Glyccalyx- protective, adhesive,receptor functions (slime layer)
general Cellular Organization of Prokaryotic Cell- Cell Envelope - ANSWER 1)
Outer Membrane-lipopolyssachide
2) Cell Wall-structural support
3) Cell Membrane-flow of nutrients
2 main components of cell envelope in most bacteria - ANSWER cell membrane,
cell wall
to maintain integrity of the cell
general Cellular Organization of Prokaryotic Cell- internal - ANSWER Cytoplasm-
water solution
Ribosomes-sites of protein synthesis
Inclusions-stores nutrients
Nucleoid/chromosome-condensed DNA
Actin cytoskeleton-shape of cell
Endospore-dormant body survival in adverse conditions
bacterial diseases - ANSWER these include "strep" throat, lyme disease, and ear
infections
prokaryotes - ANSWER the very first cells to appear on earth, sulfur compounds in
geothermal ocean vents
fimbriae - ANSWER fine, hairlike bristles extending from the cell surface that help
in adhesion to other cells and surfaces
cell wall - ANSWER a semirigid casing that provides structural support and shape
for the cell-made of peptidoglycan
, inclusion/granule - ANSWER stored nutrients such as fat, phosphate, or glycogen
deposited in dense crystals or particles that can be tapped into when needed
cell membrane - ANSWER (cytoplasm) a thin sheet of lipid and protein that
surrounds the cytoplasm and selectively controls the flow of materials into and out of
the cell pool
outer membrane - ANSWER extra membrane similar to cell membrane but also
containing lipopolysaccharide. controls flow of materials, and portions of it are toxic
to mammals when released, causes fever and shock in host
endospore - ANSWER dormant body formed within some bacteria that allows for
their survival in adverse conditions
cytoplasm - ANSWER water-based solution filling the entire cell
flagellum - ANSWER specialized appendage attached to the cell by a basal body
that holds a long, rotating filament. the movement pushes the cell forward and
provides motility
actin cytoskeleton - ANSWER long fibers of proteins that encircle the cell just
inside the cell membrane and contribute to the shape of the cell
ribosomes - ANSWER tiny particles composed of protein and RNA that are the
sites of protein synthesis
plasmid - ANSWER double-stranded DNA circle containing non essential genes,
antibiotic resistance
pilus - ANSWER an elongate, hollow appendage used in transfers of DNA to other
cells
bacterial chromosome - ANSWER (nucleoid) composed of condensed DNA
molecules. DNA directs all genetics and heredity of the cell and codes for all proteins
glycocalyx - ANSWER (pink coating) a coating of molecules external to the cell
wall. it serves protective, adhesiv, and receptor functions. it may fit tightly or be very
loose and diffuse
bacterial cells - ANSWER all of these invariably have a cell membrane, cytoplasm,
ribosomes, and one (or few) chromosomes, the majority have a cell wal,
cytoskeleton, and some form of surface coating or glycocalyx
prokaryotes - ANSWER specific structures that are found in some but not all of
these are flagella, pili, fimbriae, inclusions, endospores, and intracellular membranes
appendages - ANSWER several discrete types of accessory structures that sprout
from the surface of bacteria, are common but are not present on all species
flagella and axial filaments - ANSWER appendages that provide motility
