TEST BANK FOR MICROBIOLOGY WITH
DISEASES BY TAXONOMY 6th EDITION ROBERT
W. BAUMAN ALL CHAPTERS INCLUDED 1 – 22
LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 (WITH ANSWER KEY)
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek - ANSWER Lens Grinder
Produced the Microscope
Discovered Microbes: Protozoa & Algae (larger)
Discovered Bacteria (smaller)
Carolus Lunneaus - ANSWER Developed the Taxonomic System (categories)
Bacteria & Archaea (prokaryotic)
Protozoa, Algae, & Fungi (eukaryotic)
Prokaryote - ANSWER Any of the typically unicellular microorganisms that lack a
distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles and that are classified as a
kingdom or into two domains.
Eukaryote - ANSWER Microorganisms that have membrane-bound organelles,
especially the nucleus, which contains the genetic material, and is enclosed by the
nuclear envelope.
Bacteria - ANSWER Ubiquitous on Earth (found everywhere)
Diverse metabolism
Asexual reproduction (can reproduce without mating)
Nutrient recyclers for the planet and are decomposers
Most are not human pathogens
Archaea - ANSWER Live in extreme environments
Extreme metabolism
Asexual reproduction
No known human diseases
Examples of Bacteria - ANSWER Mitochondria
Cyanobacteria
Gram-Negative Bacteria
Chloroplasts
Gram-Positive Bacteria
Thermotoga
Examples of Eukarya - ANSWER Fungi
Animals
Cellular Slime Molds
Oomycotes
Plants
,Amoeba
Ciliates
Chromista
Euglenozoa
Plasmodial Slime Molds
Microspores
Archaezoa
Examples of Archaea - ANSWER Extreme Halophiles
Methanogens
Hyperthermophiles
Protozoa - ANSWER Animal-like single-celled aquatic eukaryotes
Move usually by pseudopodia, cilia, or flagella
Asexual mostly - some sexual reproduction
Example: Amoebas
Algae - ANSWER Plant-like single or multi-celled aquatic eukaryotes
Photosynthetic
Sexual reproduction
Not usually harmful to humans
Fungi - ANSWER Single or multi-celled decomposer eukaryotes
Sexual and Asexual spores
Compete and balance with bacteria
Example: Yeast or mold
Louis Pasteur - ANSWER Disproved "spontaneous generation" (the production of
living organisms from non-living matter) aka Abiogenesis via the Swan neck flask
experiment
Discovered fermentation was done by yeast and bacteria
Discovered pasteurization
Swan Neck Flask Experiment - ANSWER Infusion put into flask with "S" shaped
neck
Infusion is boiled to kill all microorganisms
Microorganisms trying to enter the flask are stuck in the "S" curves of the neck
When flask is tipped the trapped microorganisms are allowed to enter the sterile
infusion
Microorganisms quickly multiplied in the infusion
Fermentation - ANSWER Metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or
alcohol
Pasteurization - ANSWER The process of heat processing a liquid or a food to kill
pathogenic bacteria to make the food safe to eat
Eduard Buchner - ANSWER Discovered fermentation can be done without a cell -
using enzymes from cells
Began the study of biochemistry and metabolism
, Robert Koch - ANSWER Etiology: What causes a disease
Koch's Postulates
Koch's Postulates - ANSWER Four criteria that were established to identify the
causative agent of a particular disease:
1. The microorganism or other pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease
2. The pathogen can be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture
3. The pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when inoculated into
a healthy, susceptible laboratory animal
4. The pathogen must be re-isolated from the new host and shown to be the same
as the originally inoculated pathogen
Hans Christian Gram - ANSWER Divided all bacteria into 2 main groups:
1. Thick cell walls - Stain purple
2. Thin cell walls - Stain pink
Ignatz Semmelweis - ANSWER Physician/Obstetrician
Discovered hand-washing after cadavers with medical students reduced mortality by
17%
Used chlorinated lime water as antisepsis
Joseph Lister - ANSWER Surgeon - Father of "Antiseptic Surgery"
Sprayed wounds and dressings to prevent infections with carbolic acid (phenol)
Florence Nightingale - ANSWER Worked for cleanliness and hygiene in nursing
care
John Snow - ANSWER Mapped occurrences of cholera to unclean water supplies
Edward Jenner - ANSWER Physician who purposefully inoculated himself with a
mild form of cowpox, which caused resistance to smallpox
Vaccinia (virus) of cowpox = vaccine
Vaccine - ANSWER Any weakened strain given to protect against a disease
Paul Ehrlich - ANSWER Microbiologist
Produced "Magic Bullets"
Magic Bullets - ANSWER Substances that seek out specific disease-causing
agents
Side chains of living cells that break off to become antibodies, and circulate
throughout the body in search of toxins
Toxic to microbes but have little to now effect on humans
Example: Arsenic
Life = Cellular - ANSWER Growth
Reproduction
Responsiveness
Metabolism
DISEASES BY TAXONOMY 6th EDITION ROBERT
W. BAUMAN ALL CHAPTERS INCLUDED 1 – 22
LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 (WITH ANSWER KEY)
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek - ANSWER Lens Grinder
Produced the Microscope
Discovered Microbes: Protozoa & Algae (larger)
Discovered Bacteria (smaller)
Carolus Lunneaus - ANSWER Developed the Taxonomic System (categories)
Bacteria & Archaea (prokaryotic)
Protozoa, Algae, & Fungi (eukaryotic)
Prokaryote - ANSWER Any of the typically unicellular microorganisms that lack a
distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles and that are classified as a
kingdom or into two domains.
Eukaryote - ANSWER Microorganisms that have membrane-bound organelles,
especially the nucleus, which contains the genetic material, and is enclosed by the
nuclear envelope.
Bacteria - ANSWER Ubiquitous on Earth (found everywhere)
Diverse metabolism
Asexual reproduction (can reproduce without mating)
Nutrient recyclers for the planet and are decomposers
Most are not human pathogens
Archaea - ANSWER Live in extreme environments
Extreme metabolism
Asexual reproduction
No known human diseases
Examples of Bacteria - ANSWER Mitochondria
Cyanobacteria
Gram-Negative Bacteria
Chloroplasts
Gram-Positive Bacteria
Thermotoga
Examples of Eukarya - ANSWER Fungi
Animals
Cellular Slime Molds
Oomycotes
Plants
,Amoeba
Ciliates
Chromista
Euglenozoa
Plasmodial Slime Molds
Microspores
Archaezoa
Examples of Archaea - ANSWER Extreme Halophiles
Methanogens
Hyperthermophiles
Protozoa - ANSWER Animal-like single-celled aquatic eukaryotes
Move usually by pseudopodia, cilia, or flagella
Asexual mostly - some sexual reproduction
Example: Amoebas
Algae - ANSWER Plant-like single or multi-celled aquatic eukaryotes
Photosynthetic
Sexual reproduction
Not usually harmful to humans
Fungi - ANSWER Single or multi-celled decomposer eukaryotes
Sexual and Asexual spores
Compete and balance with bacteria
Example: Yeast or mold
Louis Pasteur - ANSWER Disproved "spontaneous generation" (the production of
living organisms from non-living matter) aka Abiogenesis via the Swan neck flask
experiment
Discovered fermentation was done by yeast and bacteria
Discovered pasteurization
Swan Neck Flask Experiment - ANSWER Infusion put into flask with "S" shaped
neck
Infusion is boiled to kill all microorganisms
Microorganisms trying to enter the flask are stuck in the "S" curves of the neck
When flask is tipped the trapped microorganisms are allowed to enter the sterile
infusion
Microorganisms quickly multiplied in the infusion
Fermentation - ANSWER Metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or
alcohol
Pasteurization - ANSWER The process of heat processing a liquid or a food to kill
pathogenic bacteria to make the food safe to eat
Eduard Buchner - ANSWER Discovered fermentation can be done without a cell -
using enzymes from cells
Began the study of biochemistry and metabolism
, Robert Koch - ANSWER Etiology: What causes a disease
Koch's Postulates
Koch's Postulates - ANSWER Four criteria that were established to identify the
causative agent of a particular disease:
1. The microorganism or other pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease
2. The pathogen can be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture
3. The pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when inoculated into
a healthy, susceptible laboratory animal
4. The pathogen must be re-isolated from the new host and shown to be the same
as the originally inoculated pathogen
Hans Christian Gram - ANSWER Divided all bacteria into 2 main groups:
1. Thick cell walls - Stain purple
2. Thin cell walls - Stain pink
Ignatz Semmelweis - ANSWER Physician/Obstetrician
Discovered hand-washing after cadavers with medical students reduced mortality by
17%
Used chlorinated lime water as antisepsis
Joseph Lister - ANSWER Surgeon - Father of "Antiseptic Surgery"
Sprayed wounds and dressings to prevent infections with carbolic acid (phenol)
Florence Nightingale - ANSWER Worked for cleanliness and hygiene in nursing
care
John Snow - ANSWER Mapped occurrences of cholera to unclean water supplies
Edward Jenner - ANSWER Physician who purposefully inoculated himself with a
mild form of cowpox, which caused resistance to smallpox
Vaccinia (virus) of cowpox = vaccine
Vaccine - ANSWER Any weakened strain given to protect against a disease
Paul Ehrlich - ANSWER Microbiologist
Produced "Magic Bullets"
Magic Bullets - ANSWER Substances that seek out specific disease-causing
agents
Side chains of living cells that break off to become antibodies, and circulate
throughout the body in search of toxins
Toxic to microbes but have little to now effect on humans
Example: Arsenic
Life = Cellular - ANSWER Growth
Reproduction
Responsiveness
Metabolism
