NUR 215 Exam 5 Questions and Answers Already Passed
phases of pharmacokinetics - ANSWER absorption, distribution, metabolism,
excretion
Absorption - ANSWER transmission of mediation from the location of
administration to the blood stream
absorption- oral - ANSWER barrier- medication must pass through the layer of
epithelial cells that line the GI tract
pattern- varies due to stability/solubility of medication, GI pH & emptying time, food in
stomach, form of medication (enteric-coated pills, liquids)
absorption- SQ & IM - ANSWER barrier- capillary walls have large spaces between
cells
pattern- solubility in water & blood perfusion
Absorption-IV - ANSWER barriers- none
pattern-
immediate- enters directly into the blood
complete- reaches the blood in its entirety
Distribution - ANSWER transpiration of medications to site of action by body fluids
factors that influence distribution - ANSWER circulation, permeability of the cell
membrane, plasma protein binding
Metabolism (biotransformation) - ANSWER changes medication into less active
forms or inactive forms by the action of enzymes
Factors that affect metabolism - ANSWER age, increase in some medication-
metabolizing enzymes, first pass effect, similar metabolic pathways, nutritional status
first-pass effect - ANSWER liver inactivates some medications on their first pass
through the liver, thus they require nonenteral route (sublingual, IV) because their
high first-pass effect
Excretion - ANSWER elimination of medications from the body, primarily through
the kidneys but also, liver, lungs, intestines & exocrine glands
Pharmokinetics - ANSWER the study of drugs within the body, absorption ,
distribution, metabolism, excretion
, therapeutic index - ANSWER meds with low TI require frequent monitoring
half-life - ANSWER the time for the medication in the body to drop by 50%, liver
and kidney affect half life
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER The study of what the drug does to the body,
interaction between medications & target cells, body systems & organs to produce
effects
primary effects of pharmacodynamics - ANSWER therapeutic effects, predicted,
desired, intended, why is the drug prescribed?
secondary effects of pharmacodynamics - ANSWER unintended, non therapeutic,
can be predictable harmless or harmful
types of secondary effects - ANSWER adverse reactions, toxic reactions, allergic
reactions or idiosyncratic reactions
idiosyncratic reactions - ANSWER a rare non harmful side effect
there types of drug interactions - ANSWER agonist- medication that can mimic the
report activity that endogenous compounds regulate
antagonist- medication that can block the usual receptor activity that endogenous
compounds regulate or the receptor activity of other medications
partial agonist- medication that acts as an agonist and an antagonist, with limited
affinity to receptor sites
Oral (pro & con) - ANSWER pro- safe, inexpensive, easy & convenient
con- highly variable absorption, inactivation can occur by GI or first-pass effect, client
cooperations, contraindications of N&V
SQ & IM (Pro & con) - ANSWER pro- poorly soluble medication, great use for
meds with slow absorption
con- more costly, inconvenient, pain with risk for local tissue damage, ris for infection
at injection site
IV (pro & con) - ANSWER Pro- rapid absorption & immediate response, allows
control over precise amount of medication administered, dilute irrupting meds in IV
Con- costly, inconvenient, absorption is immediate & making errors costly, increased
risk for infection or embolism, poor circulation can inhibit distrubtion
chemical name - ANSWER medications chemical composition
generic name - ANSWER official or nonproprietary name given by US adopted
name council, only one generic name
phases of pharmacokinetics - ANSWER absorption, distribution, metabolism,
excretion
Absorption - ANSWER transmission of mediation from the location of
administration to the blood stream
absorption- oral - ANSWER barrier- medication must pass through the layer of
epithelial cells that line the GI tract
pattern- varies due to stability/solubility of medication, GI pH & emptying time, food in
stomach, form of medication (enteric-coated pills, liquids)
absorption- SQ & IM - ANSWER barrier- capillary walls have large spaces between
cells
pattern- solubility in water & blood perfusion
Absorption-IV - ANSWER barriers- none
pattern-
immediate- enters directly into the blood
complete- reaches the blood in its entirety
Distribution - ANSWER transpiration of medications to site of action by body fluids
factors that influence distribution - ANSWER circulation, permeability of the cell
membrane, plasma protein binding
Metabolism (biotransformation) - ANSWER changes medication into less active
forms or inactive forms by the action of enzymes
Factors that affect metabolism - ANSWER age, increase in some medication-
metabolizing enzymes, first pass effect, similar metabolic pathways, nutritional status
first-pass effect - ANSWER liver inactivates some medications on their first pass
through the liver, thus they require nonenteral route (sublingual, IV) because their
high first-pass effect
Excretion - ANSWER elimination of medications from the body, primarily through
the kidneys but also, liver, lungs, intestines & exocrine glands
Pharmokinetics - ANSWER the study of drugs within the body, absorption ,
distribution, metabolism, excretion
, therapeutic index - ANSWER meds with low TI require frequent monitoring
half-life - ANSWER the time for the medication in the body to drop by 50%, liver
and kidney affect half life
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER The study of what the drug does to the body,
interaction between medications & target cells, body systems & organs to produce
effects
primary effects of pharmacodynamics - ANSWER therapeutic effects, predicted,
desired, intended, why is the drug prescribed?
secondary effects of pharmacodynamics - ANSWER unintended, non therapeutic,
can be predictable harmless or harmful
types of secondary effects - ANSWER adverse reactions, toxic reactions, allergic
reactions or idiosyncratic reactions
idiosyncratic reactions - ANSWER a rare non harmful side effect
there types of drug interactions - ANSWER agonist- medication that can mimic the
report activity that endogenous compounds regulate
antagonist- medication that can block the usual receptor activity that endogenous
compounds regulate or the receptor activity of other medications
partial agonist- medication that acts as an agonist and an antagonist, with limited
affinity to receptor sites
Oral (pro & con) - ANSWER pro- safe, inexpensive, easy & convenient
con- highly variable absorption, inactivation can occur by GI or first-pass effect, client
cooperations, contraindications of N&V
SQ & IM (Pro & con) - ANSWER pro- poorly soluble medication, great use for
meds with slow absorption
con- more costly, inconvenient, pain with risk for local tissue damage, ris for infection
at injection site
IV (pro & con) - ANSWER Pro- rapid absorption & immediate response, allows
control over precise amount of medication administered, dilute irrupting meds in IV
Con- costly, inconvenient, absorption is immediate & making errors costly, increased
risk for infection or embolism, poor circulation can inhibit distrubtion
chemical name - ANSWER medications chemical composition
generic name - ANSWER official or nonproprietary name given by US adopted
name council, only one generic name
