Test Bank For Evolve resources for Ethics & Issues In
Contemporary Nursing
Start of chapter 6: What is a value? - ANSWER What matters or is important; what
you believe
What is a value system? - ANSWER An organization of values that ranks along a
continuum of importance
What are common modes of value transmission? - ANSWER 1. Modeling- your
good or poor behavior (how your behavior affects another person's behavior; parents
to children)
2. Moralizing- values that are set for you (a parent, teacher, coach, etc. tells you)
3. Laissez-Faire- leaves children to explore values on their own (forced to figure it
out on their own)
4. Reward and punishing- for actions that a person does
5. Responsible choice- encourage children to explore choices because you raised
them right (trust is involved)
What values are essential to the professional nurse? Define. - ANSWER 1.
Altruism- concern for the welfare/wellness of other people
2. Autonomy- the right for a person to choose/make their own decisions (self-
governance)
3. Human dignity- respect for the inherent worth of a person
4. Integrity- act in accordance with a select standard of practice or code of ethics
5. Social justice- upholding moral, legal, and universal ethics (fair in treatment)
What is value clarification? - ANSWER the process by which people come to
understand their own values and value system
What are the 7 steps in the valuing process? - ANSWER Choosing
1. choosing freely
2. choosing from alternatives
3. choosing after considering the consequences
Prizing
4. prizing with pride and happiness
5. prizing with public affirmation
Acting
6. acting with the incorporation of the choice into one's behavior
7. acting with consistency and regularity on the value
What is ethics? - ANSWER systemic inquiry on right and wrong conduct
, What are morals? - ANSWER personal or communal standards of right and wrong
What are the 3 types of ethics? - ANSWER 1. Bioethics- life sciences
2. Clinical ethics- problems at the bedside (doctors, family)
3. Nursing ethics- ethical issues evolve in nursing (cost of care, confidentiality)
What are the 2 theories of ethics? Define. - ANSWER 1. Utilitarian- the wrongness
or rightness of an action depends on the consequences of the action (grey; levels of
right and wrong based on circumstances)
2. Deontologic- an action is right or wrong independent of the consequences (black
and white- just right or wrong)
What is the principle-based approach? - ANSWER an approach of bioethics that
offers specific action guides for practice
What are the four key principles in the Beauchamp/Childress principle-based
approach to bioethics? Define. - ANSWER 1. Autonomy- respect the rights of
patients to make healthcare decisions
2. Nonmaleficence- avoid causing harm
3. Beneficence- benefit the patient
4. Justice- give each his or her due and act fairly
5. Fidelity- keep promises (added by nurses)
What are ethical dilemmas? - ANSWER two or more clear moral principles apply
but support mutually inconsistent courses of action (the doctor says one thing, but
the nurse knows that something else is better for the patient; go against the doctor or
harm the patient)
Explain the care-based approach. - ANSWER Centrality of caring relationships,
promotion of dignity and respect, attention to particulars of individual patients,
cultivation of responsiveness to others, redefinition of fundamental moral skills to
include virtues
What are feminist ethics? - ANSWER Ethics involving women and vulnerable
populations ("to understand, criticize, and correct" how gender operates within our
moral beliefs and practices)
What is an ethical agency? - ANSWER The capacity to be ethical and to do the
ethically right thing for the right reasons (ability to provide good care and overcome
obstacles to good practice)
What are the essential elements of ethical agency? - ANSWER 1. Ethical
sensibility- the ability to recognize what is right
2. Ethical responsiveness- the ability to respond to an ethical challenge
3. Ethical reasoning and discernment- knowledge and ability to use sound,
theoretical and practical approaches (think through situation)
4. Ethical accountability- the ability to accept responsibility for personal ethics
5. Ethical character- cultivated disposition for one to act the way they ought to act
Contemporary Nursing
Start of chapter 6: What is a value? - ANSWER What matters or is important; what
you believe
What is a value system? - ANSWER An organization of values that ranks along a
continuum of importance
What are common modes of value transmission? - ANSWER 1. Modeling- your
good or poor behavior (how your behavior affects another person's behavior; parents
to children)
2. Moralizing- values that are set for you (a parent, teacher, coach, etc. tells you)
3. Laissez-Faire- leaves children to explore values on their own (forced to figure it
out on their own)
4. Reward and punishing- for actions that a person does
5. Responsible choice- encourage children to explore choices because you raised
them right (trust is involved)
What values are essential to the professional nurse? Define. - ANSWER 1.
Altruism- concern for the welfare/wellness of other people
2. Autonomy- the right for a person to choose/make their own decisions (self-
governance)
3. Human dignity- respect for the inherent worth of a person
4. Integrity- act in accordance with a select standard of practice or code of ethics
5. Social justice- upholding moral, legal, and universal ethics (fair in treatment)
What is value clarification? - ANSWER the process by which people come to
understand their own values and value system
What are the 7 steps in the valuing process? - ANSWER Choosing
1. choosing freely
2. choosing from alternatives
3. choosing after considering the consequences
Prizing
4. prizing with pride and happiness
5. prizing with public affirmation
Acting
6. acting with the incorporation of the choice into one's behavior
7. acting with consistency and regularity on the value
What is ethics? - ANSWER systemic inquiry on right and wrong conduct
, What are morals? - ANSWER personal or communal standards of right and wrong
What are the 3 types of ethics? - ANSWER 1. Bioethics- life sciences
2. Clinical ethics- problems at the bedside (doctors, family)
3. Nursing ethics- ethical issues evolve in nursing (cost of care, confidentiality)
What are the 2 theories of ethics? Define. - ANSWER 1. Utilitarian- the wrongness
or rightness of an action depends on the consequences of the action (grey; levels of
right and wrong based on circumstances)
2. Deontologic- an action is right or wrong independent of the consequences (black
and white- just right or wrong)
What is the principle-based approach? - ANSWER an approach of bioethics that
offers specific action guides for practice
What are the four key principles in the Beauchamp/Childress principle-based
approach to bioethics? Define. - ANSWER 1. Autonomy- respect the rights of
patients to make healthcare decisions
2. Nonmaleficence- avoid causing harm
3. Beneficence- benefit the patient
4. Justice- give each his or her due and act fairly
5. Fidelity- keep promises (added by nurses)
What are ethical dilemmas? - ANSWER two or more clear moral principles apply
but support mutually inconsistent courses of action (the doctor says one thing, but
the nurse knows that something else is better for the patient; go against the doctor or
harm the patient)
Explain the care-based approach. - ANSWER Centrality of caring relationships,
promotion of dignity and respect, attention to particulars of individual patients,
cultivation of responsiveness to others, redefinition of fundamental moral skills to
include virtues
What are feminist ethics? - ANSWER Ethics involving women and vulnerable
populations ("to understand, criticize, and correct" how gender operates within our
moral beliefs and practices)
What is an ethical agency? - ANSWER The capacity to be ethical and to do the
ethically right thing for the right reasons (ability to provide good care and overcome
obstacles to good practice)
What are the essential elements of ethical agency? - ANSWER 1. Ethical
sensibility- the ability to recognize what is right
2. Ethical responsiveness- the ability to respond to an ethical challenge
3. Ethical reasoning and discernment- knowledge and ability to use sound,
theoretical and practical approaches (think through situation)
4. Ethical accountability- the ability to accept responsibility for personal ethics
5. Ethical character- cultivated disposition for one to act the way they ought to act
