Test Bank For Essentials of Life-Span Development, 7th
Edition All Chapters
What is meant when researchers say that children develop their knowledge and
understanding about the world in a similar way to how science is conducted? -
ANSWER Children create predictions about what's happening, test their predictions,
establish conclusions, and repeat as they learn new information, similar to the
scientific method.
Which of the following is NOT a type of parenting according to Diane Baumrind and
colleagues? - ANSWER authoritive
Lev Vygotsky suggested a social constructivist theory in which children construct
their own knowledge with the help of other people who "scaffold" their learning
process. - ANSWER True
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shown by adults who had an avoidant
attachment to their caregiver when they were young? - ANSWER Relying on
groups of people
Cognitive decline reduces fluid intelligence capacities, and while not all of the causes
are known, theories propose that reduced reserve capacity and general slowing of
information processing play a critical role. - ANSWER True
According to the dynamic systems theory, how do infants develop motor skills? -
ANSWER Infants perceive something new in the environment that motivates them
to act. They use their perceptions to fine-tune their movements.
Which of the following is not a cause of cognitive aging in older adults? - ANSWER
Comparatively improved cognitive ability in younger generations
Which is not one of the stages proposed by Piaget? - ANSWER Stage of physical
operations
Jenny is at the zoo with her family. She points to each animal and says "doggie."
This illustrates: - ANSWER overextension
What is the difference between rank-order and mean-level personality change?
(select all that apply) - ANSWER Mean-level change = change in group average;
rank-order change = change in individual's rank within group
Mean-level change pertains to the group; rank-order change pertains to the
individual
In the study about sexual identity development in gay and lesbian adolescents, what
was the best predictor of timing of first homosexual activity? - ANSWER Whether
the adolescent had same-sex activity first of same-sex labeling first
, Humans take sensory input via their sensory organs. If a person is paying attention,
s/he will commit the information to short-term memory first, and for extremely
important information possibly even encode it into long-term memory. - ANSWER
True
According to one large meta-analysis of 152 studies, it was determined that
personality is set in stone in after adolescence. - ANSWER False
Which of the following does not describe a child's goal orientation at school? -
ANSWER Teacher-oriented
As people age, they get better at knowing what works best for them, who they enjoy
and which activities they like. All this makes them more and more like themselves. -
ANSWER True
Goodness of fit refers to - ANSWER How well a child's temperament matches the
environmental demands
While gender roles are expectations set in society, much evidence across cultures
shows that boys and girls tend to separate themselves as children. The roots for this
lay in some biological differences in temperament and in human behavioral
evolution. - ANSWER True
What are social emotions that require at least basic self-awareness? - ANSWER
pride, shame, guilt
Which is not one of the three major considerations in optimization of goal choice? -
ANSWER Can the goal be made easier if it's too hard?
Our social relationships have a great effect on us because we learn from others and
gain emotional benefits from close social partners. - ANSWER True
Research about the ability of infants to distinguish human speech sounds indicates
that: - ANSWER infants gradually come to distinguish best the speech sounds of
the language spoken around them.
Which of the following describes the "individual reference norm"? - ANSWER
Comparisons of the same person at different times
Which of the following BEST characterizes cognitive development according to Jean
Piaget? - ANSWER Children construct their own understandings about how the
world works.
The two constructs of self and identity have some overlap, but are also distinct and
have been studied in different ways. - ANSWER True
Ilene has difficulty negotiating steps and street curbs. She is having a problem with: -
ANSWER depth perception
Edition All Chapters
What is meant when researchers say that children develop their knowledge and
understanding about the world in a similar way to how science is conducted? -
ANSWER Children create predictions about what's happening, test their predictions,
establish conclusions, and repeat as they learn new information, similar to the
scientific method.
Which of the following is NOT a type of parenting according to Diane Baumrind and
colleagues? - ANSWER authoritive
Lev Vygotsky suggested a social constructivist theory in which children construct
their own knowledge with the help of other people who "scaffold" their learning
process. - ANSWER True
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shown by adults who had an avoidant
attachment to their caregiver when they were young? - ANSWER Relying on
groups of people
Cognitive decline reduces fluid intelligence capacities, and while not all of the causes
are known, theories propose that reduced reserve capacity and general slowing of
information processing play a critical role. - ANSWER True
According to the dynamic systems theory, how do infants develop motor skills? -
ANSWER Infants perceive something new in the environment that motivates them
to act. They use their perceptions to fine-tune their movements.
Which of the following is not a cause of cognitive aging in older adults? - ANSWER
Comparatively improved cognitive ability in younger generations
Which is not one of the stages proposed by Piaget? - ANSWER Stage of physical
operations
Jenny is at the zoo with her family. She points to each animal and says "doggie."
This illustrates: - ANSWER overextension
What is the difference between rank-order and mean-level personality change?
(select all that apply) - ANSWER Mean-level change = change in group average;
rank-order change = change in individual's rank within group
Mean-level change pertains to the group; rank-order change pertains to the
individual
In the study about sexual identity development in gay and lesbian adolescents, what
was the best predictor of timing of first homosexual activity? - ANSWER Whether
the adolescent had same-sex activity first of same-sex labeling first
, Humans take sensory input via their sensory organs. If a person is paying attention,
s/he will commit the information to short-term memory first, and for extremely
important information possibly even encode it into long-term memory. - ANSWER
True
According to one large meta-analysis of 152 studies, it was determined that
personality is set in stone in after adolescence. - ANSWER False
Which of the following does not describe a child's goal orientation at school? -
ANSWER Teacher-oriented
As people age, they get better at knowing what works best for them, who they enjoy
and which activities they like. All this makes them more and more like themselves. -
ANSWER True
Goodness of fit refers to - ANSWER How well a child's temperament matches the
environmental demands
While gender roles are expectations set in society, much evidence across cultures
shows that boys and girls tend to separate themselves as children. The roots for this
lay in some biological differences in temperament and in human behavioral
evolution. - ANSWER True
What are social emotions that require at least basic self-awareness? - ANSWER
pride, shame, guilt
Which is not one of the three major considerations in optimization of goal choice? -
ANSWER Can the goal be made easier if it's too hard?
Our social relationships have a great effect on us because we learn from others and
gain emotional benefits from close social partners. - ANSWER True
Research about the ability of infants to distinguish human speech sounds indicates
that: - ANSWER infants gradually come to distinguish best the speech sounds of
the language spoken around them.
Which of the following describes the "individual reference norm"? - ANSWER
Comparisons of the same person at different times
Which of the following BEST characterizes cognitive development according to Jean
Piaget? - ANSWER Children construct their own understandings about how the
world works.
The two constructs of self and identity have some overlap, but are also distinct and
have been studied in different ways. - ANSWER True
Ilene has difficulty negotiating steps and street curbs. She is having a problem with: -
ANSWER depth perception
