TEST BANK For Clayton’s Basic Pharmacology for
Nurses 19th Edition Michelle Willihnganz, All Chapters
1 - 48
Factors that affect drug therapy - ANSWER age, body weight, gender, metabolic
rate, illness, psychology, tolerance, dependence, cumulative effect
Most sensitive - ANSWER Infants and very old tend to be______to the effects of
drugs
Patients who are overweight may require - ANSWER An increase in drug dosage to
attain the same therapeutic response
Patients who are under weight compared with the general population - ANSWER
Tend to require lower dosages for the same therapeutic response
Most Pediatric dosage are calculated - ANSWER by milligrams for drug per kilogram
of body weight
Gender specific medicine - ANSWER A developing science that studies differences
in the normal function of men and women and addresses how people of each gender
perceive and experience disease.
Patient with hired an average metabolic rate - ANSWER Require larger doses or
more frequent administration
Patients with lower than average metabolic rates - ANSWER Require lower dosage
and less frequently
Chronic smoking enhances the metabolism of some drugs thereby requiring dose to
be administered - ANSWER more frequently for therapeutic effect
Pathologic conditions may alter the rate of - ANSWER Absorption, distribution,
metabolism and excretion of a drug
Patients who are in shock have reduced peripheral vascular circulation and will -
ANSWER Absorb intramuscular or subcutaneously injected drugs more slowly
Patients who are vomiting may not be able to - ANSWER Retain a medication long
enough for dissolution and absorption
Patience with nephrotic syndrome or malnutrition may have a reduced amount of -
ANSWER Serum proteins in the blood that are necessary for adequate distribution
of drugs
, Patience with kidney failure generally will excrete drugs at a - ANSWER slower rate
and must have significant reductions in dosage of medication excreted by the
kidneys
Placebo effect - ANSWER Patient's positive expectation about treatment and the
care receive can possibly if affect the outcome of therapy
nocebo effect - ANSWER a negative placebo effect due to the expectation of
adverse consequences from receiving treatment
Placebo - ANSWER A drug dosage form that has no pharmacologic activity
Because the dosage form has no active ingredients
Tolerance - ANSWER Occurs when a person begins to require a higher dosage of a
medication to produce the same affect that a lower dosage ones provided
Drug dependence - ANSWER Occurs when a person is unable to control a desire
for ingestion of drugs
Drug accumulation - ANSWER accumulation in the body may occur if the next dose
is admin. before the previously admin. dose has been metabolized or excreted
Carcinogenicity - ANSWER The ability of a drug to induce living cells to mutate and
become cancerous.
Factors that influence drug actions - ANSWER absorption, distribution, metabolism,
excretion (ADME)
Factors that influence drug absorption in Age - ANSWER Pediatric and geriatric
patient require special consideration for medication administration
neonates and older adults - ANSWER Medicine given intramuscularly are usually
erratically absorbed in
Infants - ANSWER Topical administration with percutaneous absorption is usually
effective for
Children or any patient with loose teeth - ANSWER Chewable tablets should not be
giving to
Passive diffusion - ANSWER Across the membrane by gastric emptying time
depend on the pH of the environment
Newborns and geriatric patients have - ANSWER Reduce gastric acidity and
prolong transit time compared with adults
Geriatrics patients often have a higher gastric PH - ANSWER Because of the loss of
acid secretion cells
Nurses 19th Edition Michelle Willihnganz, All Chapters
1 - 48
Factors that affect drug therapy - ANSWER age, body weight, gender, metabolic
rate, illness, psychology, tolerance, dependence, cumulative effect
Most sensitive - ANSWER Infants and very old tend to be______to the effects of
drugs
Patients who are overweight may require - ANSWER An increase in drug dosage to
attain the same therapeutic response
Patients who are under weight compared with the general population - ANSWER
Tend to require lower dosages for the same therapeutic response
Most Pediatric dosage are calculated - ANSWER by milligrams for drug per kilogram
of body weight
Gender specific medicine - ANSWER A developing science that studies differences
in the normal function of men and women and addresses how people of each gender
perceive and experience disease.
Patient with hired an average metabolic rate - ANSWER Require larger doses or
more frequent administration
Patients with lower than average metabolic rates - ANSWER Require lower dosage
and less frequently
Chronic smoking enhances the metabolism of some drugs thereby requiring dose to
be administered - ANSWER more frequently for therapeutic effect
Pathologic conditions may alter the rate of - ANSWER Absorption, distribution,
metabolism and excretion of a drug
Patients who are in shock have reduced peripheral vascular circulation and will -
ANSWER Absorb intramuscular or subcutaneously injected drugs more slowly
Patients who are vomiting may not be able to - ANSWER Retain a medication long
enough for dissolution and absorption
Patience with nephrotic syndrome or malnutrition may have a reduced amount of -
ANSWER Serum proteins in the blood that are necessary for adequate distribution
of drugs
, Patience with kidney failure generally will excrete drugs at a - ANSWER slower rate
and must have significant reductions in dosage of medication excreted by the
kidneys
Placebo effect - ANSWER Patient's positive expectation about treatment and the
care receive can possibly if affect the outcome of therapy
nocebo effect - ANSWER a negative placebo effect due to the expectation of
adverse consequences from receiving treatment
Placebo - ANSWER A drug dosage form that has no pharmacologic activity
Because the dosage form has no active ingredients
Tolerance - ANSWER Occurs when a person begins to require a higher dosage of a
medication to produce the same affect that a lower dosage ones provided
Drug dependence - ANSWER Occurs when a person is unable to control a desire
for ingestion of drugs
Drug accumulation - ANSWER accumulation in the body may occur if the next dose
is admin. before the previously admin. dose has been metabolized or excreted
Carcinogenicity - ANSWER The ability of a drug to induce living cells to mutate and
become cancerous.
Factors that influence drug actions - ANSWER absorption, distribution, metabolism,
excretion (ADME)
Factors that influence drug absorption in Age - ANSWER Pediatric and geriatric
patient require special consideration for medication administration
neonates and older adults - ANSWER Medicine given intramuscularly are usually
erratically absorbed in
Infants - ANSWER Topical administration with percutaneous absorption is usually
effective for
Children or any patient with loose teeth - ANSWER Chewable tablets should not be
giving to
Passive diffusion - ANSWER Across the membrane by gastric emptying time
depend on the pH of the environment
Newborns and geriatric patients have - ANSWER Reduce gastric acidity and
prolong transit time compared with adults
Geriatrics patients often have a higher gastric PH - ANSWER Because of the loss of
acid secretion cells
