Pathophysiology - Concepts of Health
and Human Disease
What does it mean to be healthy? - ANSWER a state of complete physical, mental,
and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What is a disease and being in the state of disease? - ANSWER It is a structural or
functional change in body that is damaging. A disease state occurs when the cellular
environment changes to such a degree that tissues are not able to perform their
specific function optimally.
What is illness? - ANSWER It is when a person is not in a state of normal health
How is illness different from a disease? - ANSWER Illness is more the social-
psychological state (how one feels) caused by the disease, it is subjective. While a
disease is the actual changing of cellular and molecular abnormalities, its objective
What are the top 5 determinants of health? - ANSWER Policy Making, health
services, individual behavior, Biology & Genetics, and Social factors
What are the 2 types of disease? - ANSWER Structural Disease and Functional
Disease
What is a structural disease? - ANSWER It is an organic disease characterized by
structural changes (lesions) within the body.
Genetic and Developmental diseases
Degenerative and inflammatory diseases and trauma
Hyperplasia and neoplasms
What is a functional disease? - ANSWER This is a disease that does not have
visible lesions at onset. It causes physiological and functional changes
Typical causing symptoms and diseases like:
Tension headache
Irritable bowel syndrome
Diabetes
Hypertension
What are the two major causes of disease? - ANSWER Exogenous Causes and
Endogenous Causes
, Example of Exogenous Causes - ANSWER Physical Factors:
Temperature
Mechanical Trauma (breaking an arm or cutting hand)
etc.
Chemicals and Drugs
Microbial Agents (bacteria, fungi, and vIrusEs
(Outside the body factors)
Examples of Endogenous causes - ANSWER (Inside of the body factors)
Hypoxia
Ischemia
Immunologic causes: Autoimmune diseases or Sever allergic reaction, etc
Nutrition (either being obese or malnourished)
Aging
Leading Cause of Death in the US - ANSWER heart disease
What does the history a disease mean and what are the 4 stages? - ANSWER The
history of the disease the progression of a disease overtime in a person, without
being treated.
Stage 1: Stage of Susceptibility
Stage 2: Stage of Subclinical (Pathologic changes start occurring in the body, leads
into onset of symptoms)
Stage 3: Stage of Clinical Disease (Usual Time of Diagnosis)
Stage 4: Stage of Recovery, Disability, or Death
In the correlation with Disease what is the Latent Period? - ANSWER The time
between exposure of tissue to injurious agent and first appearance of signs &
symptoms
What is the prodromal period? - ANSWER This is the time period in which the first
case of signs and symptoms start to appear
In relevance to disease what does Exacerbation mean? - ANSWER A quick and
sudden increase in the severity of the signs and symptoms caused by the disease.
Convalescence - ANSWER This is reference the state of recovery after a disease
or injury
Sequela - ANSWER Pathologic condition the resulted from the pervious disease
and Human Disease
What does it mean to be healthy? - ANSWER a state of complete physical, mental,
and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What is a disease and being in the state of disease? - ANSWER It is a structural or
functional change in body that is damaging. A disease state occurs when the cellular
environment changes to such a degree that tissues are not able to perform their
specific function optimally.
What is illness? - ANSWER It is when a person is not in a state of normal health
How is illness different from a disease? - ANSWER Illness is more the social-
psychological state (how one feels) caused by the disease, it is subjective. While a
disease is the actual changing of cellular and molecular abnormalities, its objective
What are the top 5 determinants of health? - ANSWER Policy Making, health
services, individual behavior, Biology & Genetics, and Social factors
What are the 2 types of disease? - ANSWER Structural Disease and Functional
Disease
What is a structural disease? - ANSWER It is an organic disease characterized by
structural changes (lesions) within the body.
Genetic and Developmental diseases
Degenerative and inflammatory diseases and trauma
Hyperplasia and neoplasms
What is a functional disease? - ANSWER This is a disease that does not have
visible lesions at onset. It causes physiological and functional changes
Typical causing symptoms and diseases like:
Tension headache
Irritable bowel syndrome
Diabetes
Hypertension
What are the two major causes of disease? - ANSWER Exogenous Causes and
Endogenous Causes
, Example of Exogenous Causes - ANSWER Physical Factors:
Temperature
Mechanical Trauma (breaking an arm or cutting hand)
etc.
Chemicals and Drugs
Microbial Agents (bacteria, fungi, and vIrusEs
(Outside the body factors)
Examples of Endogenous causes - ANSWER (Inside of the body factors)
Hypoxia
Ischemia
Immunologic causes: Autoimmune diseases or Sever allergic reaction, etc
Nutrition (either being obese or malnourished)
Aging
Leading Cause of Death in the US - ANSWER heart disease
What does the history a disease mean and what are the 4 stages? - ANSWER The
history of the disease the progression of a disease overtime in a person, without
being treated.
Stage 1: Stage of Susceptibility
Stage 2: Stage of Subclinical (Pathologic changes start occurring in the body, leads
into onset of symptoms)
Stage 3: Stage of Clinical Disease (Usual Time of Diagnosis)
Stage 4: Stage of Recovery, Disability, or Death
In the correlation with Disease what is the Latent Period? - ANSWER The time
between exposure of tissue to injurious agent and first appearance of signs &
symptoms
What is the prodromal period? - ANSWER This is the time period in which the first
case of signs and symptoms start to appear
In relevance to disease what does Exacerbation mean? - ANSWER A quick and
sudden increase in the severity of the signs and symptoms caused by the disease.
Convalescence - ANSWER This is reference the state of recovery after a disease
or injury
Sequela - ANSWER Pathologic condition the resulted from the pervious disease
