1. PR interval: the difference between the con-
traction of the atria and the con-
traction of the ventricles (nega-
tive dromotropic = slower signal
= longer PR interval; positive
dromotropic = faster signal =
shorter PR interval)
2. P-wave: depolarization of the contractile
cells of the atria
3. QRS complex: depolarization of the contrac-
tile cells of the ventricles (slow-
er depolarization = less steep
rising phase = longer QRS
complex; faster depolarization
= steeper rising phase = short-
er QRS complex)
4. T-wave: repolarization of the contractile
cells of the ventricles via the
KDR channels (slower repolar-
ization = longer T wave)
5. slower repolarization = larger T-wave
6. faster repolarization = smaller T-wave
7. slower signal from atria to ventricles = longer PR interval
longer PR interval
8. faster signal from atria to ventricles = smaller PR interval
9. slower depolarization = less steep rising phase =
longer QRS complex
10. faster depolarization = more steep rising phase =
shorter QRS complex
11. slower repolarization results from
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