Cardiology Nursing 1 Humber Final exam 302 questions
with verified answers (including diagrams)
1. sinus rhythm- correct
answer - regular rhythm Set
by SA node at 60 to 100 bpm
P waves normal
normal qrs
PR 0.12 -
0.2
normal qrs less than 0.10
2. wide qrs is- correct answer - greater than 0.12
3. Sinus Tachycardia- correct
answer - 100-160 bpm SA node
reduced time for ventricle
filling assess for SOB or
chest pain
4. a prolonged QT interval- correct answer - more prone to arrhythmia
5. NSR reflects the heart's- correct answer - normal electrical activity,
providing synchrony between the atria and the ventricles.
6. Sinus tachycardia occurs when the- correct answer - sinus node
discharges impulses too fast (100 - 160 beats/minute). All other
parameters are normal
7. Facts about sinus tachycardia- correct answer - Normal response of
heart in certain circum- stances (for example exercise)
•Begins and ends gradually in contrast to other tachycardias
•Usually benign arrhythmia that goes away when underlying cause is
treated
,•Common causes- correct answer - Anxiety, hypoxia, hypovolemia,
hypotension, heart failure, pain, drugs that increase sympathetic tone
(epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, dobutamine, isoproterenol,
nitroprusside), and drugs that decrease parasympathet- ic tone
(atropine)
•Persistent sinus tachycardia may result in decreased cardiac output
due to a decrease in stroke volume. Cardiac output = stroke volume
×heart rate. A decrease in either stroke volume or heart rate may result
in a decrease in cardiac output. ulses too slow
8. Sinus bradycardia occurs when- correct answer - the
sinus node discharges imp (40 - 60 beats/minute). All other
parameters are normal.
9. Sinus bradycardia features- correct answer - regular
rhythm, rate 40-60 bpm Normal p waves
PR interval normal 0.12
to 0.2 QRS normal less
than 0.1
10. Facts about sinus bradycardia- correct answer - Normal response
of heart in certain circum- stances (for example relaxation, sleep)
•Most common arrhythmia associated with acute inferior wall
myocardial infarction
•Other causes- correct answer - Reperfusion rhythm following
myocardial reperfusion procedures (thrombolytic administration,
angioplasty); vagal stimulation; sleep apnea; hyper- kalemia; increased
intracranial pressure; disease of SA node; and administration of drugs,
such as digitalis, calcium channel blockers, and beta blockers
•Persistent bradycardia may result in decreased cardiac output due to a
decrease in heart rate. Cardiac output = stroke volume ×heart rate. A
decrease in either stroke volume or heart rate may result in a decrease
in cardiac output.
11. Treatment of sinus bradycardia- correct answer - No treatment is
necessary if patient is asymp- tomatic.
,•Symptomatic bradycardia is initially treated with oxygen and
atropine IV push. If unsuccessful, external pacing or transvenous
pacing may be used.
•Chronic sinus bradycardia may require a permanent pacemaker.
12. Sinus arrhythmia occurs when- correct answer - the sinus node
discharges impulses irregular- ly. The heart rate may be normal range
or slow. All other parameters are normal.
13. Sinus arrhythmia ECG features- correct
answer - irregular rhythm rate normal or slow
P waves normal
PR interval normal 0.12 to
0.20 QRS normal less than
0.1
14. Facts about sinus arrhythmia- correct answer - Normal
phenomenon usually associated with phases of respiration (heart rate
increases with inspiration and decreases with expiration)
•Most commonly observed in infants, children, and young adults,
although it may occur in any age-group
•Frequently occurs along with sinus bradycardia, in which case it is
usually called
sinus arrhythmia with a bradycardic rate
•Treatment- correct answer - Does not require intervention unless
accompanied by symptomatic bradycardia (follow symptomatic
bradycardia protocols)
15. Sinus pause- correct answer - A broad term used to describe a sudden
pause in the basic rhythm with one or more missing beats; two rhythms
fall under this category- correct answer -
Sinus arrest and Sinus exit block
16. sinus arrest- correct answer - SA node fails to initiate impulse;
represents a problem with SA node automaticity; basic rhythm does
not resume on time following pause.
17. Sinus exit block- correct answer - SA node initiates impulse, but
, impulse is blocked as it exits SA node; represents a problem with SA
node conductivity; basic rhythm resumes on time following pause.
18. Sinus arrest and sinus exit block ECG- correct answer - Rhythm-
correct answer - basic is regular with sudden pause with one or more
missing beats, HR may slow for several beats after pause but then
return to basic rate.
P waves- correct answer - sinus with basic rhythm, absent during pause
PR interval- correct answer - normal during basic, absent during pause
QRS normal during basic, absent during pause
Sinus block- correct answer - basic rhythm resumes on time after pause
Sinus arrest- correct answer - basic rhythm does not resume on tim
after pause
19. irregular sinus rhythm can be associated with phases of
respiration- correct answer - Dur- ing Inspiration, the Sinus Node fires
faster
During Expiration, the Sinus Node slows down
20. Depolarization- correct answer - the spread of the electrical
stimulus through the heart muscle, producing the P wave from the atria
and the QRS complex from the ventricles
21. Repolarization- correct answer - the recovery of the stimulated
muscle to the resting state, producing the ST segment, the T wave,
and the U wave
22. Five lead system lead placement- correct
answer - white - right arm black - left arm
green - right leg
with verified answers (including diagrams)
1. sinus rhythm- correct
answer - regular rhythm Set
by SA node at 60 to 100 bpm
P waves normal
normal qrs
PR 0.12 -
0.2
normal qrs less than 0.10
2. wide qrs is- correct answer - greater than 0.12
3. Sinus Tachycardia- correct
answer - 100-160 bpm SA node
reduced time for ventricle
filling assess for SOB or
chest pain
4. a prolonged QT interval- correct answer - more prone to arrhythmia
5. NSR reflects the heart's- correct answer - normal electrical activity,
providing synchrony between the atria and the ventricles.
6. Sinus tachycardia occurs when the- correct answer - sinus node
discharges impulses too fast (100 - 160 beats/minute). All other
parameters are normal
7. Facts about sinus tachycardia- correct answer - Normal response of
heart in certain circum- stances (for example exercise)
•Begins and ends gradually in contrast to other tachycardias
•Usually benign arrhythmia that goes away when underlying cause is
treated
,•Common causes- correct answer - Anxiety, hypoxia, hypovolemia,
hypotension, heart failure, pain, drugs that increase sympathetic tone
(epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, dobutamine, isoproterenol,
nitroprusside), and drugs that decrease parasympathet- ic tone
(atropine)
•Persistent sinus tachycardia may result in decreased cardiac output
due to a decrease in stroke volume. Cardiac output = stroke volume
×heart rate. A decrease in either stroke volume or heart rate may result
in a decrease in cardiac output. ulses too slow
8. Sinus bradycardia occurs when- correct answer - the
sinus node discharges imp (40 - 60 beats/minute). All other
parameters are normal.
9. Sinus bradycardia features- correct answer - regular
rhythm, rate 40-60 bpm Normal p waves
PR interval normal 0.12
to 0.2 QRS normal less
than 0.1
10. Facts about sinus bradycardia- correct answer - Normal response
of heart in certain circum- stances (for example relaxation, sleep)
•Most common arrhythmia associated with acute inferior wall
myocardial infarction
•Other causes- correct answer - Reperfusion rhythm following
myocardial reperfusion procedures (thrombolytic administration,
angioplasty); vagal stimulation; sleep apnea; hyper- kalemia; increased
intracranial pressure; disease of SA node; and administration of drugs,
such as digitalis, calcium channel blockers, and beta blockers
•Persistent bradycardia may result in decreased cardiac output due to a
decrease in heart rate. Cardiac output = stroke volume ×heart rate. A
decrease in either stroke volume or heart rate may result in a decrease
in cardiac output.
11. Treatment of sinus bradycardia- correct answer - No treatment is
necessary if patient is asymp- tomatic.
,•Symptomatic bradycardia is initially treated with oxygen and
atropine IV push. If unsuccessful, external pacing or transvenous
pacing may be used.
•Chronic sinus bradycardia may require a permanent pacemaker.
12. Sinus arrhythmia occurs when- correct answer - the sinus node
discharges impulses irregular- ly. The heart rate may be normal range
or slow. All other parameters are normal.
13. Sinus arrhythmia ECG features- correct
answer - irregular rhythm rate normal or slow
P waves normal
PR interval normal 0.12 to
0.20 QRS normal less than
0.1
14. Facts about sinus arrhythmia- correct answer - Normal
phenomenon usually associated with phases of respiration (heart rate
increases with inspiration and decreases with expiration)
•Most commonly observed in infants, children, and young adults,
although it may occur in any age-group
•Frequently occurs along with sinus bradycardia, in which case it is
usually called
sinus arrhythmia with a bradycardic rate
•Treatment- correct answer - Does not require intervention unless
accompanied by symptomatic bradycardia (follow symptomatic
bradycardia protocols)
15. Sinus pause- correct answer - A broad term used to describe a sudden
pause in the basic rhythm with one or more missing beats; two rhythms
fall under this category- correct answer -
Sinus arrest and Sinus exit block
16. sinus arrest- correct answer - SA node fails to initiate impulse;
represents a problem with SA node automaticity; basic rhythm does
not resume on time following pause.
17. Sinus exit block- correct answer - SA node initiates impulse, but
, impulse is blocked as it exits SA node; represents a problem with SA
node conductivity; basic rhythm resumes on time following pause.
18. Sinus arrest and sinus exit block ECG- correct answer - Rhythm-
correct answer - basic is regular with sudden pause with one or more
missing beats, HR may slow for several beats after pause but then
return to basic rate.
P waves- correct answer - sinus with basic rhythm, absent during pause
PR interval- correct answer - normal during basic, absent during pause
QRS normal during basic, absent during pause
Sinus block- correct answer - basic rhythm resumes on time after pause
Sinus arrest- correct answer - basic rhythm does not resume on tim
after pause
19. irregular sinus rhythm can be associated with phases of
respiration- correct answer - Dur- ing Inspiration, the Sinus Node fires
faster
During Expiration, the Sinus Node slows down
20. Depolarization- correct answer - the spread of the electrical
stimulus through the heart muscle, producing the P wave from the atria
and the QRS complex from the ventricles
21. Repolarization- correct answer - the recovery of the stimulated
muscle to the resting state, producing the ST segment, the T wave,
and the U wave
22. Five lead system lead placement- correct
answer - white - right arm black - left arm
green - right leg
