Medical-Surgical Chap-25; Patient with
Cancer Study guide & NCLEX Questions
With all correct Answers & explanations
The nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing severe chemotherapy-induced nausea. Which actions
can the nurse take to try to reduce the patient's nausea? (Select all that apply.)
.
A. Instruct the patient to limit intake of spicy foods.
C. Determine the best time for the patient to eat and drink.
D. Encourage the patient to take small, frequent sips of water.
E. Administer sedatives as ordered while antineoplastic drugs are being administered.
Spicy foods can exacerbate nausea and should be avoided. Certain patients experience less nausea when
eating at specific times, either before or after treatment. Small, frequent sips of water throughout the day
help to reduce nausea and maintain hydration. Sedatives are sometimes ordered in conjunction with
antineoplastic medications so the patient can sleep and to decrease the amount of time the patient is
awake and nauseated. Patients should eat food at room temperature and should avoid extremely hot and
cold foods.
Benign and malignant tumors are alike in that both:
1. Press on normal tissues an compete with normal cells for nutrients
Benign and malignant tumors are alike because both press on normal tissue and compete with normal cells
for nutrients. Benign tumors usually grow slowly, while malignant tumors typically grow rapidly but may
grow slowly. Benign tumors may enlarge and expand but do not invade nearby tissues or disperse cells or
colonize distant parts of the body like malignant tumors do. Benign tumor cells closely resemble those of
the tissue of origin, whereas malignant tumor cells are not readily identifiable to the tissue of origin.
A chemical, viral, or radioactive substance that can cause cancer is called a _______________.
Carcinogen
,Medical-Surgical Chap-25; Patient with
Cancer Study guide & NCLEX Questions
With all correct Answers & explanations
The nurse is teaching a class on healthy living. Select the dietary recommendation(s) believe to reduce the
risk of some cancer that should be included in the lesson plan. (Select all that apply)
1. Limit alcohol consumption
3. High fiber, low fat, and low calories
4. Variety or fruits and veggies
5. Limited smoked and nitrate-preserved foods
Dietary recommendations believed to reduce the risk of some cancers include limited alcohol
consumption; high-fiber, low-fat and low-calorie diet; a variety of fruits and vegetables; and limited
smoking and consumption of nitrate-preserved foods. Ingesting dairy products and red meat does not have
an increased risk for cancer.
A pt's blood level of the oncofetal antigen CA-125 has continued to rise during 6 months of chemo for
ovarian cancer. What is the most likely explanation?
3. The cancer is continuing to grow despite chemo
Oncofetal antigens or tumor markers are substances found on fetal cells and the surface of cancer cells.
Elevations of these antigens are associated with certain cancers. They are often used to monitor response
to cancer treatments. Blood levels will continue to rise if the cancer is still growing despite chemotherapy.
If the levels continue to rise with chemotherapy, it means that the chemotherapy is not effective. This
antigen level does not have any relationship to an adverse response to chemotherapy, nor does it reflect a
strengthening of the patient's immune system.
Compromised host precautions may be needed for pts with:
1. Leukopenia
, Medical-Surgical Chap-25; Patient with
Cancer Study guide & NCLEX Questions
With all correct Answers & explanations
Which tumor is malignant?
3. Melanoma
Which diagnostic procedure is used to detect cancer of the CNS, spinal column, and joints?
1. MRI
Of the following drugs, which types of antineoplastic drugs are frequently used in chemo? (Select all that
apply)
3. Hormones
4. Mitotic inhibitors
6. Alkylating agents
11. Hypnotics
13. BRMs (biologic response modifiers)
Which are major systemic side effects of antineoplastic rugs? (Select all that apply)
2. Bone marrow suppression
5. N&V
8. Alopecia
The nurse observes that a female pt with breast cancer is experiencing alopecia, as a side effect of her
chemo. Which is a correct response the nurse should say to the pt?
4. Your new hair may be different color and texture
Cancer Study guide & NCLEX Questions
With all correct Answers & explanations
The nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing severe chemotherapy-induced nausea. Which actions
can the nurse take to try to reduce the patient's nausea? (Select all that apply.)
.
A. Instruct the patient to limit intake of spicy foods.
C. Determine the best time for the patient to eat and drink.
D. Encourage the patient to take small, frequent sips of water.
E. Administer sedatives as ordered while antineoplastic drugs are being administered.
Spicy foods can exacerbate nausea and should be avoided. Certain patients experience less nausea when
eating at specific times, either before or after treatment. Small, frequent sips of water throughout the day
help to reduce nausea and maintain hydration. Sedatives are sometimes ordered in conjunction with
antineoplastic medications so the patient can sleep and to decrease the amount of time the patient is
awake and nauseated. Patients should eat food at room temperature and should avoid extremely hot and
cold foods.
Benign and malignant tumors are alike in that both:
1. Press on normal tissues an compete with normal cells for nutrients
Benign and malignant tumors are alike because both press on normal tissue and compete with normal cells
for nutrients. Benign tumors usually grow slowly, while malignant tumors typically grow rapidly but may
grow slowly. Benign tumors may enlarge and expand but do not invade nearby tissues or disperse cells or
colonize distant parts of the body like malignant tumors do. Benign tumor cells closely resemble those of
the tissue of origin, whereas malignant tumor cells are not readily identifiable to the tissue of origin.
A chemical, viral, or radioactive substance that can cause cancer is called a _______________.
Carcinogen
,Medical-Surgical Chap-25; Patient with
Cancer Study guide & NCLEX Questions
With all correct Answers & explanations
The nurse is teaching a class on healthy living. Select the dietary recommendation(s) believe to reduce the
risk of some cancer that should be included in the lesson plan. (Select all that apply)
1. Limit alcohol consumption
3. High fiber, low fat, and low calories
4. Variety or fruits and veggies
5. Limited smoked and nitrate-preserved foods
Dietary recommendations believed to reduce the risk of some cancers include limited alcohol
consumption; high-fiber, low-fat and low-calorie diet; a variety of fruits and vegetables; and limited
smoking and consumption of nitrate-preserved foods. Ingesting dairy products and red meat does not have
an increased risk for cancer.
A pt's blood level of the oncofetal antigen CA-125 has continued to rise during 6 months of chemo for
ovarian cancer. What is the most likely explanation?
3. The cancer is continuing to grow despite chemo
Oncofetal antigens or tumor markers are substances found on fetal cells and the surface of cancer cells.
Elevations of these antigens are associated with certain cancers. They are often used to monitor response
to cancer treatments. Blood levels will continue to rise if the cancer is still growing despite chemotherapy.
If the levels continue to rise with chemotherapy, it means that the chemotherapy is not effective. This
antigen level does not have any relationship to an adverse response to chemotherapy, nor does it reflect a
strengthening of the patient's immune system.
Compromised host precautions may be needed for pts with:
1. Leukopenia
, Medical-Surgical Chap-25; Patient with
Cancer Study guide & NCLEX Questions
With all correct Answers & explanations
Which tumor is malignant?
3. Melanoma
Which diagnostic procedure is used to detect cancer of the CNS, spinal column, and joints?
1. MRI
Of the following drugs, which types of antineoplastic drugs are frequently used in chemo? (Select all that
apply)
3. Hormones
4. Mitotic inhibitors
6. Alkylating agents
11. Hypnotics
13. BRMs (biologic response modifiers)
Which are major systemic side effects of antineoplastic rugs? (Select all that apply)
2. Bone marrow suppression
5. N&V
8. Alopecia
The nurse observes that a female pt with breast cancer is experiencing alopecia, as a side effect of her
chemo. Which is a correct response the nurse should say to the pt?
4. Your new hair may be different color and texture
