ASSESMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN THE MUSCLES OF DOMESTICS BIRDS
Name:
Index Number
A Research project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the
(your course)
Declaration
I, Francis mwangi i declare that the work presented is my original work and has never been
sunmitted to any academic qualification for the award of either degree, Diploma, PHD
Recommendation
NAME: ADM NO.
SIGN……………………………………………….. DATE:
I wish to confirm that the reported was carried out by the candidate under my supervision and I
have approved to be submitted to Kenya National Examination council
Sign Date
………………………………………..
Supervisor
MR
,First and foremost, I thank God for enabling me to undertake this study. I am also very grateful
to the following for their support and contribution in one way or another towards the study.
My sincere gratitude goes to my parents and the entire family members including my cousins
for their financial support and encouragement they offered towards my project process.
I am gratefully acknowledge (Name of your school) for giving me chance to pursue my course,
my supervisor for consistent guidelines and piece of advices that was given to me towards the
completion of this piece of work.
I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to the people of (are of residence) for allowing to
collect samples , thankful to the University of Embu, especially Chemistry department for giving
opportunity to carry out my research project.
ABSRACT
Contamination by heavy metals has become major form threats to many sectors of the world
because it affects environment including acquatic animals.
This project was carried out to asses the concentration of heavy metals such as: Fe, Mn and Pb
in muscles of domesticated birds from samples collected from Manyatta sub-county areas.
Muscles of dead birds samples were collected from three different homes using free hamd
which were randomly collected early in the morning from 6 am to 7 am
The collected samples were dried in an oven maintained at 1050`c for 30 min until constant
weight was achieved.
Then the samples were digested using the Conc. Acids ; Nitric acid and per chloric acid and H 2O2
Digested samples were subjected to the atomic absorption spectrophotometer to determine
Fe, Mn and Pb.
Analysis of samples was carried out and highest concentration of heavy metals between study
was sufficient with Pb the highest concentration followed by Fe and Mn.
, In conclusion, muscles of domesticated birds contained different levels of heavy metals
concentration which reflects back to main reason for birds to die.
Pb level were highest followed by Fe and Mn in the muscles of birds, the source contaminant
was feeds that birds were consuming.
If the industries implement use of air filters to isolate heavy metals in the waste toxic gases
emitted to the environment, it can be permanent way to solve problem of heavy metals
contamination to domestic birds in Manyatta sub-county.
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Heavy metals contamination has become major threat in the world. It affects almost every
sector of the environment both structurally and functionally.
Levels of toxicity of heavy metals influence the performance of many organs of domestic birds.
Many different researchs have been conducted to ascertain heavy metals occurrences and
distribution of those metals.
Using living organisms have been used to analyse in order to obtain information on extent of
exposure contamination and their effects.
Various domestic bird muscle samples have been collected in biological examination and
monitoring of environmental pollution by this heavy metals which are contained in industrial
emitted waste gases.
Bird species have been used because of their position in the food chain.
That is toxic waste gases in the atmosphere are dissolved by rain water and then incorporated
in soil.
In the process of water absorption by plant it absorbs both water and heavy metals and later
plants are consumed by domestic birds hence contamination.
Name:
Index Number
A Research project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the
(your course)
Declaration
I, Francis mwangi i declare that the work presented is my original work and has never been
sunmitted to any academic qualification for the award of either degree, Diploma, PHD
Recommendation
NAME: ADM NO.
SIGN……………………………………………….. DATE:
I wish to confirm that the reported was carried out by the candidate under my supervision and I
have approved to be submitted to Kenya National Examination council
Sign Date
………………………………………..
Supervisor
MR
,First and foremost, I thank God for enabling me to undertake this study. I am also very grateful
to the following for their support and contribution in one way or another towards the study.
My sincere gratitude goes to my parents and the entire family members including my cousins
for their financial support and encouragement they offered towards my project process.
I am gratefully acknowledge (Name of your school) for giving me chance to pursue my course,
my supervisor for consistent guidelines and piece of advices that was given to me towards the
completion of this piece of work.
I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to the people of (are of residence) for allowing to
collect samples , thankful to the University of Embu, especially Chemistry department for giving
opportunity to carry out my research project.
ABSRACT
Contamination by heavy metals has become major form threats to many sectors of the world
because it affects environment including acquatic animals.
This project was carried out to asses the concentration of heavy metals such as: Fe, Mn and Pb
in muscles of domesticated birds from samples collected from Manyatta sub-county areas.
Muscles of dead birds samples were collected from three different homes using free hamd
which were randomly collected early in the morning from 6 am to 7 am
The collected samples were dried in an oven maintained at 1050`c for 30 min until constant
weight was achieved.
Then the samples were digested using the Conc. Acids ; Nitric acid and per chloric acid and H 2O2
Digested samples were subjected to the atomic absorption spectrophotometer to determine
Fe, Mn and Pb.
Analysis of samples was carried out and highest concentration of heavy metals between study
was sufficient with Pb the highest concentration followed by Fe and Mn.
, In conclusion, muscles of domesticated birds contained different levels of heavy metals
concentration which reflects back to main reason for birds to die.
Pb level were highest followed by Fe and Mn in the muscles of birds, the source contaminant
was feeds that birds were consuming.
If the industries implement use of air filters to isolate heavy metals in the waste toxic gases
emitted to the environment, it can be permanent way to solve problem of heavy metals
contamination to domestic birds in Manyatta sub-county.
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Heavy metals contamination has become major threat in the world. It affects almost every
sector of the environment both structurally and functionally.
Levels of toxicity of heavy metals influence the performance of many organs of domestic birds.
Many different researchs have been conducted to ascertain heavy metals occurrences and
distribution of those metals.
Using living organisms have been used to analyse in order to obtain information on extent of
exposure contamination and their effects.
Various domestic bird muscle samples have been collected in biological examination and
monitoring of environmental pollution by this heavy metals which are contained in industrial
emitted waste gases.
Bird species have been used because of their position in the food chain.
That is toxic waste gases in the atmosphere are dissolved by rain water and then incorporated
in soil.
In the process of water absorption by plant it absorbs both water and heavy metals and later
plants are consumed by domestic birds hence contamination.
