NUR 221 Cell Regulation Exam Review | Questions And Answers With
Expert Verified Solutions | Latest 2024/2025
cellular regulation - ✔✔When all functions within a cell are carried out to maintain homeostasis
proliferation - ✔✔Reproduction of new cells from growth or division
differentiation - ✔✔- Stem cells turn into specific tissues (less specialized cell turns into more specified
cell)
- Gene expression determines the specific type of cell it's going to be
stem cells - ✔✔Cells that have not undergone differentiation
neoplasia - ✔✔Abnormal multiplication of cells leading to neoplasm
neoplasm - ✔✔Abnormal tissue growth (tumor)
liver - ✔✔organ that makes and stores glucose
pancreas - ✔✔organ that makes insulin
glycogen - ✔✔If body is not getting enough sugar, the liver uses up ________________.
type 1 diabetes - ✔✔- Body (pancreas) does not make insulin
- Seen more in children
- Beta cells inside pancreas are destroyed
- *Requires* insulin therapy
- Can NOT be prevented, usually a genetic issue
- Happens suddenly
,type 2 diabetes - ✔✔- Body does not make enough insulin OR body's cells
are resistant to it
- Exercise and lifestyle changes are crucial for these patients
- Patients are usually on Metformin (oral antidiabetics)
- Happens later in life
- Symptoms happen more gradually
muscle - ✔✔_____________ tissue uses up more insulin than adipose tissue.
- diarrhea
- weight loss
- kidney issues
May need to inform HCP to cut down dosage so body can adjust to side effects - ✔✔What are 3
common side effects of metformin?
so we can have a better control of their glucose - ✔✔Why do type 2 diabetics get insulin while in the
hospital even if they don't take it at home?
Actose or Glipizide - ✔✔What are other oral antidiabetics other than Metformin?
signs and symptoms of diabetes - ✔✔- Increased thirst
- Frequent urination
- Increased hunger
- Unintended weight loss
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Delayed healing
, - Frequent infections (yeast infections)
- Darkened skin around neck and underarms
- Weight, age (greater than 45)
- Fat distribution
- Race (American Indian/Alaskan natives are most prone, and then Hispanics and African Americans,
then Caucasians)
- Gestational diabetes
- PCOS - ✔✔What are the risk factors for type 2 diabetics?
- Hemoglobin A1C (normal below 5.7; if known diabetic goal is < 7)
- Fasting glucose (goal <100, >126 x2 considered diabetic)
- Random glucose (>200 considered diabetic)
- Oral glucose tolerance test (older test, but still considered gold standard) - ✔✔What are the 4
diagnostic tests for diabetes?
complications of diabetes - ✔✔- CVD
- Retinopathy and blindness
- Permanent kidney damage
- Diabetic foot infections
- Heart attack
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Diabetic gastroparesis (constant vomiting)
- Alzheimer's
nursing interventions for diabetes - ✔✔- Improve nutrition
- Insulin and oral medication education
- Prevention of injury secondary to hypoglycemia
- Improving activity intolerance
Expert Verified Solutions | Latest 2024/2025
cellular regulation - ✔✔When all functions within a cell are carried out to maintain homeostasis
proliferation - ✔✔Reproduction of new cells from growth or division
differentiation - ✔✔- Stem cells turn into specific tissues (less specialized cell turns into more specified
cell)
- Gene expression determines the specific type of cell it's going to be
stem cells - ✔✔Cells that have not undergone differentiation
neoplasia - ✔✔Abnormal multiplication of cells leading to neoplasm
neoplasm - ✔✔Abnormal tissue growth (tumor)
liver - ✔✔organ that makes and stores glucose
pancreas - ✔✔organ that makes insulin
glycogen - ✔✔If body is not getting enough sugar, the liver uses up ________________.
type 1 diabetes - ✔✔- Body (pancreas) does not make insulin
- Seen more in children
- Beta cells inside pancreas are destroyed
- *Requires* insulin therapy
- Can NOT be prevented, usually a genetic issue
- Happens suddenly
,type 2 diabetes - ✔✔- Body does not make enough insulin OR body's cells
are resistant to it
- Exercise and lifestyle changes are crucial for these patients
- Patients are usually on Metformin (oral antidiabetics)
- Happens later in life
- Symptoms happen more gradually
muscle - ✔✔_____________ tissue uses up more insulin than adipose tissue.
- diarrhea
- weight loss
- kidney issues
May need to inform HCP to cut down dosage so body can adjust to side effects - ✔✔What are 3
common side effects of metformin?
so we can have a better control of their glucose - ✔✔Why do type 2 diabetics get insulin while in the
hospital even if they don't take it at home?
Actose or Glipizide - ✔✔What are other oral antidiabetics other than Metformin?
signs and symptoms of diabetes - ✔✔- Increased thirst
- Frequent urination
- Increased hunger
- Unintended weight loss
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Delayed healing
, - Frequent infections (yeast infections)
- Darkened skin around neck and underarms
- Weight, age (greater than 45)
- Fat distribution
- Race (American Indian/Alaskan natives are most prone, and then Hispanics and African Americans,
then Caucasians)
- Gestational diabetes
- PCOS - ✔✔What are the risk factors for type 2 diabetics?
- Hemoglobin A1C (normal below 5.7; if known diabetic goal is < 7)
- Fasting glucose (goal <100, >126 x2 considered diabetic)
- Random glucose (>200 considered diabetic)
- Oral glucose tolerance test (older test, but still considered gold standard) - ✔✔What are the 4
diagnostic tests for diabetes?
complications of diabetes - ✔✔- CVD
- Retinopathy and blindness
- Permanent kidney damage
- Diabetic foot infections
- Heart attack
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Diabetic gastroparesis (constant vomiting)
- Alzheimer's
nursing interventions for diabetes - ✔✔- Improve nutrition
- Insulin and oral medication education
- Prevention of injury secondary to hypoglycemia
- Improving activity intolerance
