Pediatric Nursing Exam Final Questions with
Correct Answers
1. The nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child immobilized by a fractured hip. Which
complications should the nurse monitor?
a. Hypocalcemia
b. Decreased metabolic rate
c. Positive nitrogen balance
d. Increased production of stress hormones - Correct Answer B
2. What effect does immobilization have on the cardiovascular system?
a. Venous stasis
b. Increased vasopressor mechanism
c. Normal distribution of blood volume
d. Increased efficiency of orthostatic neurovascular reflexes - Correct
Answer A
3. A young girl has just injured her ankle at school. In addition to calling the child's
parents, the most appropriate immediate action by the school nurse is to:
a. Apply ice.
b. Observe for edema and discoloration.
c. Encourage child to assume a comfortable position.
d. Obtain parental permission for administration of acetaminophen or aspirin.
- Correct Answer A
4. What would cause a nurse to suspect that an infection has developed under a
cast?
a. Complaint of Paresthesia
b. Increased respirations
c. Cold toes
d. "Hot spots" felt on cast surface - Correct Answer D
5. The nurse is teaching the parents of a 7-year-old child who has just had a cast
applied for a fractured arm with the wrist and elbow immobilized. Which
instructions should be included in the teaching?
a. Swelling of the fingers is to be expected for the next 48 hours.
b. Immobilize the shoulder to decrease pain in the arm.
c. Allow the affected limb to hang down for 1 hour each day.
, d. Elevate casted arm when resting and when sitting up. - Correct Answer
D
6. The nurse is teaching a family how to care for their infant in a Pavli harness to
treat developmental dysplasia of the hip. What should be included?
a. Apply lotion or powder to minimize skin irritation.
b. Remove the harness several times a day to prevent contractures.
c. Return to the clinic every 1 to 2 weeks.
d. Place a diaper over harness, preferably using a superabsorbent
disposable diaper that is relatively thin. - Correct Answer C
7. The primary method of treating osteomyelitis is:
a. Joint replacement.
b. Bracing and casting.
c. Intravenous antibiotic therapy.
d. Long-term corticosteroid therapy. - Correct Answer C
8. Which medication is usually tried first when a child is diagnosed with juvenile
idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?
a. Aspirin
b. Corticosteroids
c. Cytotoxic drugs such as methotrexate
d. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - Correct Answer D
9. What is most descriptive of the therapeutic management of osteosarcoma?
a. Treatment usually consists of surgery and chemotherapy.
b. Amputation of the affected extremity is rarely necessary.
c. Intensive irradiation is the primary treatment.
d. Bone marrow transplantation offers the best chance of long-term survival.
- Correct Answer A
10. An important nursing consideration when caring for a child with juvenile idiopathic
arthritis (JIA) is to:
a. Apply ice packs to relieve stiffness and pain.
b. Administer acetaminophen to reduce inflammation.
c. Teach child and family the correct administration of medications.
d. Encourage range-of-motion exercises during periods of inflammation. -
Correct Answer c
11. Which interaction is part of the discharge plan for a school-age child with
osteomyelitis who is receiving home antibiotic therapy?
, a. Instructions for a low-calorie diet
b. Arrangements for tutoring and schoolwork
c. Instructions for a high-fat, low-protein diet
d. Instructions for the parent to return the child to team sports immediately -
Correct Answer B
12. Discharge planning for the child with juvenile arthritis includes the need for:
a. Routine ophthalmologic examinations to assess for visual problems.
b. A low-calorie diet to decrease or control weight in the less mobile child.
c. Avoiding the use of aspirin to decrease gastric irritation.
d. Immobilizing the painful joints, which are the result of the inflammatory
process? - Correct Answer A
13. When assessing the child with ontogenesis imperfect, the nurse should expect to
observe:
a. Discolored teeth.
b. Below-normal intelligence.
c. Increased muscle tone.
d. Above-average stature. - Correct Answer A
14. Kristin, age 10 years, sustained a fracture in the epiphyseal plate of her right
fibula when she fell off of a tree. When discussing this injury with her parents, the
nurse should consider which statement?
a. Healing is usually delayed in this type of fracture.
b. Growth can be affected by this type of fracture.
c. This is an unusual fracture site in young children.
d. This type of fracture is inconsistent with a fall. - Correct Answer B
15. A nurse is conducting discharge teaching for parents of an infant with
ontogenesis imperfect (OI). Further teaching is indicated if the parents make
which statement?
a. "We will be very careful handling the baby."
b. "We will lift the baby by the buttocks when diapering."
c. "We're glad there is a cure for this disorder."
d. "We will schedule follow-up appointments as instructed." - Correct
Answer C
16. The nurse is caring for an infant with developmental dysplasia of the hip. Which
clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe (Select all that apply)?
a. Positive Ortolani sign
Correct Answers
1. The nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child immobilized by a fractured hip. Which
complications should the nurse monitor?
a. Hypocalcemia
b. Decreased metabolic rate
c. Positive nitrogen balance
d. Increased production of stress hormones - Correct Answer B
2. What effect does immobilization have on the cardiovascular system?
a. Venous stasis
b. Increased vasopressor mechanism
c. Normal distribution of blood volume
d. Increased efficiency of orthostatic neurovascular reflexes - Correct
Answer A
3. A young girl has just injured her ankle at school. In addition to calling the child's
parents, the most appropriate immediate action by the school nurse is to:
a. Apply ice.
b. Observe for edema and discoloration.
c. Encourage child to assume a comfortable position.
d. Obtain parental permission for administration of acetaminophen or aspirin.
- Correct Answer A
4. What would cause a nurse to suspect that an infection has developed under a
cast?
a. Complaint of Paresthesia
b. Increased respirations
c. Cold toes
d. "Hot spots" felt on cast surface - Correct Answer D
5. The nurse is teaching the parents of a 7-year-old child who has just had a cast
applied for a fractured arm with the wrist and elbow immobilized. Which
instructions should be included in the teaching?
a. Swelling of the fingers is to be expected for the next 48 hours.
b. Immobilize the shoulder to decrease pain in the arm.
c. Allow the affected limb to hang down for 1 hour each day.
, d. Elevate casted arm when resting and when sitting up. - Correct Answer
D
6. The nurse is teaching a family how to care for their infant in a Pavli harness to
treat developmental dysplasia of the hip. What should be included?
a. Apply lotion or powder to minimize skin irritation.
b. Remove the harness several times a day to prevent contractures.
c. Return to the clinic every 1 to 2 weeks.
d. Place a diaper over harness, preferably using a superabsorbent
disposable diaper that is relatively thin. - Correct Answer C
7. The primary method of treating osteomyelitis is:
a. Joint replacement.
b. Bracing and casting.
c. Intravenous antibiotic therapy.
d. Long-term corticosteroid therapy. - Correct Answer C
8. Which medication is usually tried first when a child is diagnosed with juvenile
idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?
a. Aspirin
b. Corticosteroids
c. Cytotoxic drugs such as methotrexate
d. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - Correct Answer D
9. What is most descriptive of the therapeutic management of osteosarcoma?
a. Treatment usually consists of surgery and chemotherapy.
b. Amputation of the affected extremity is rarely necessary.
c. Intensive irradiation is the primary treatment.
d. Bone marrow transplantation offers the best chance of long-term survival.
- Correct Answer A
10. An important nursing consideration when caring for a child with juvenile idiopathic
arthritis (JIA) is to:
a. Apply ice packs to relieve stiffness and pain.
b. Administer acetaminophen to reduce inflammation.
c. Teach child and family the correct administration of medications.
d. Encourage range-of-motion exercises during periods of inflammation. -
Correct Answer c
11. Which interaction is part of the discharge plan for a school-age child with
osteomyelitis who is receiving home antibiotic therapy?
, a. Instructions for a low-calorie diet
b. Arrangements for tutoring and schoolwork
c. Instructions for a high-fat, low-protein diet
d. Instructions for the parent to return the child to team sports immediately -
Correct Answer B
12. Discharge planning for the child with juvenile arthritis includes the need for:
a. Routine ophthalmologic examinations to assess for visual problems.
b. A low-calorie diet to decrease or control weight in the less mobile child.
c. Avoiding the use of aspirin to decrease gastric irritation.
d. Immobilizing the painful joints, which are the result of the inflammatory
process? - Correct Answer A
13. When assessing the child with ontogenesis imperfect, the nurse should expect to
observe:
a. Discolored teeth.
b. Below-normal intelligence.
c. Increased muscle tone.
d. Above-average stature. - Correct Answer A
14. Kristin, age 10 years, sustained a fracture in the epiphyseal plate of her right
fibula when she fell off of a tree. When discussing this injury with her parents, the
nurse should consider which statement?
a. Healing is usually delayed in this type of fracture.
b. Growth can be affected by this type of fracture.
c. This is an unusual fracture site in young children.
d. This type of fracture is inconsistent with a fall. - Correct Answer B
15. A nurse is conducting discharge teaching for parents of an infant with
ontogenesis imperfect (OI). Further teaching is indicated if the parents make
which statement?
a. "We will be very careful handling the baby."
b. "We will lift the baby by the buttocks when diapering."
c. "We're glad there is a cure for this disorder."
d. "We will schedule follow-up appointments as instructed." - Correct
Answer C
16. The nurse is caring for an infant with developmental dysplasia of the hip. Which
clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe (Select all that apply)?
a. Positive Ortolani sign
