Gynecology Final Exam with Complete
Questions and Answers
Anatomy. - Correct Answer
Uterus. - Correct Answer
What are the 4 anatomical regions of the uterus? - Correct Answer Fundus
Corpus (body)
Cervix
Internal os
What are the 3 layers of the uterus? - Correct Answer Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium
What are the two layers of endometrium called? - Correct Answer Functional and
basal.
The functional layer is built up and lost through the menstrual cycle.
What causes the functional layer of the endometrium to become ischemic if the egg
is not fertilized during the menstrual cycle? - Correct Answer Arteries constrict due
to lack of progesterone.
How does the uterus normally lie? - Correct Answer Ante version & ante flexion.
What is the name given to the area that is an extension of the peritoneal cavity
between the rectum and the posterior wall of the uterus? - Correct Answer Recto-
uterine pouch or pouch of Douglas.
What vessels supply the uterus? - Correct Answer Uterine artery and the ovarian
artery.
Cervix. - Correct Answer
What type of epithelium is found in the endocervix? - Correct Answer Columnar
epithelium.
What type of epithelium is found at the ectocervix? - Correct Answer No keratinized
stratified squamous epithelium.
,What is the name given to the junction between the two types of epithelia? - Correct
Answer Squamocolumnar junction.
What name is used to describe when the end cervical columnar epithelium protrudes
out through the external os of the cervix and onto the vaginal portion of the cervix?
The cells then undergo squamous metaplasia, and transform to stratified squamous
epithelium. - Correct Answer Cervical ectropion.
Although not an abnormality, it is indistinguishable from early cervical cancer;
therefore, further diagnostic studies (e.g., Pap smear, biopsy) must be performed for
a differential diagnosis.
What can cause an ectropion? (Hint: P's). - Correct Answer Pills, periods,
pregnancy.
How many smears should you take in a lady with a large ectropion? - Correct
Answer 2 - one for transitional zone and one at os.
A 26 year-old woman presents to her GP with a 3 month history of inter-menstrual
bleeding and occasional post-coital bleeding. She is sexually active and takes
Microgynon (a combined oral contraceptive pill). Her last cervical smear was normal.
What is the most likely diagnosis? - Correct Answer Cervical ectropion.
How does the external os typically appear in a multiparous woman? - Correct
Answer Slit-like (instead of circular).
What effect does the COCP have on the cervical mucus? - Correct Answer
Thickens it (due to action of progesterone).
Fallopian tube. - Correct Answer
What type of epithelium lines the fallopian tubes? - Correct Answer Ciliated
epithelia.
What are the anatomical sections of the fallopian tubes? - Correct Answer Fimbriae
--> infundibulum --> ampulla --> isthmus.
What imaging test can be used to assess the patency of the fallopian tubes? -
Correct Answer Hysterosalpingography.
Injection of a radio-opaque material into the cervical canal and usually fluoroscopy
with image intensification. A normal result shows the filling of the uterine cavity and
the bilateral filling of the fallopian tube with the injection material.
, What is a hydrosalpinx? - Correct Answer A condition where the fallopian tube is
blocked distally filled with serous or clear fluid.
What term describes the surgical removal of a fallopian tube? - Correct Answer
Salpingectomy (salpingo-oophorectomy when ovaries are removed also).
Menstrual cycle. - Correct Answer
What is the 1st menstruation known as? - Correct Answer Menarche (usually 12-
15, but as early as 8).
What is the length of a normal menstrual cycle? - Correct Answer 21 to 35 days in
adults (an average of 28 days).
What are the phases of the ovarian cycle? - Correct Answer Follicular phase,
ovulation, and luteal phase.
What are the phases of the uterine cycle? - Correct Answer Menstruation,
proliferative phase, and secretory phase.
When is the most fertile period of the period? - Correct Answer 5 days before until
1 to 2 days after ovulation.
In a 28-day cycle with a 14-day luteal phase, this corresponds to the second and the
beginning of the third week.
During the secretory phase, what structure produces progesterone, which plays a
vital role in making the endometrium receptive to implantation of the blastocyst? -
Correct Answer Corpus lutein.
A 17-year-old girl presents due to painful periods. These have been present for the
past three years and are associated with a normal amount of blood loss. Her periods
are regular and there is no abnormal bleeding. She is not yet sexually active.
What is the most appropriate first-line treatment? - Correct Answer Ibuprofen (for
primary dysmenorrhea).
A 17 year old girl presents with a history of amenorrhoea, having never started her
period. On further questioning she has developed secondary sexual characteristics,
such as growth of breast tissue and pubic hair. She also complains of pelvic pain
and some bloating.
Which of the following is likely to be the cause? - Correct Answer Imperforate
hymen.
Questions and Answers
Anatomy. - Correct Answer
Uterus. - Correct Answer
What are the 4 anatomical regions of the uterus? - Correct Answer Fundus
Corpus (body)
Cervix
Internal os
What are the 3 layers of the uterus? - Correct Answer Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium
What are the two layers of endometrium called? - Correct Answer Functional and
basal.
The functional layer is built up and lost through the menstrual cycle.
What causes the functional layer of the endometrium to become ischemic if the egg
is not fertilized during the menstrual cycle? - Correct Answer Arteries constrict due
to lack of progesterone.
How does the uterus normally lie? - Correct Answer Ante version & ante flexion.
What is the name given to the area that is an extension of the peritoneal cavity
between the rectum and the posterior wall of the uterus? - Correct Answer Recto-
uterine pouch or pouch of Douglas.
What vessels supply the uterus? - Correct Answer Uterine artery and the ovarian
artery.
Cervix. - Correct Answer
What type of epithelium is found in the endocervix? - Correct Answer Columnar
epithelium.
What type of epithelium is found at the ectocervix? - Correct Answer No keratinized
stratified squamous epithelium.
,What is the name given to the junction between the two types of epithelia? - Correct
Answer Squamocolumnar junction.
What name is used to describe when the end cervical columnar epithelium protrudes
out through the external os of the cervix and onto the vaginal portion of the cervix?
The cells then undergo squamous metaplasia, and transform to stratified squamous
epithelium. - Correct Answer Cervical ectropion.
Although not an abnormality, it is indistinguishable from early cervical cancer;
therefore, further diagnostic studies (e.g., Pap smear, biopsy) must be performed for
a differential diagnosis.
What can cause an ectropion? (Hint: P's). - Correct Answer Pills, periods,
pregnancy.
How many smears should you take in a lady with a large ectropion? - Correct
Answer 2 - one for transitional zone and one at os.
A 26 year-old woman presents to her GP with a 3 month history of inter-menstrual
bleeding and occasional post-coital bleeding. She is sexually active and takes
Microgynon (a combined oral contraceptive pill). Her last cervical smear was normal.
What is the most likely diagnosis? - Correct Answer Cervical ectropion.
How does the external os typically appear in a multiparous woman? - Correct
Answer Slit-like (instead of circular).
What effect does the COCP have on the cervical mucus? - Correct Answer
Thickens it (due to action of progesterone).
Fallopian tube. - Correct Answer
What type of epithelium lines the fallopian tubes? - Correct Answer Ciliated
epithelia.
What are the anatomical sections of the fallopian tubes? - Correct Answer Fimbriae
--> infundibulum --> ampulla --> isthmus.
What imaging test can be used to assess the patency of the fallopian tubes? -
Correct Answer Hysterosalpingography.
Injection of a radio-opaque material into the cervical canal and usually fluoroscopy
with image intensification. A normal result shows the filling of the uterine cavity and
the bilateral filling of the fallopian tube with the injection material.
, What is a hydrosalpinx? - Correct Answer A condition where the fallopian tube is
blocked distally filled with serous or clear fluid.
What term describes the surgical removal of a fallopian tube? - Correct Answer
Salpingectomy (salpingo-oophorectomy when ovaries are removed also).
Menstrual cycle. - Correct Answer
What is the 1st menstruation known as? - Correct Answer Menarche (usually 12-
15, but as early as 8).
What is the length of a normal menstrual cycle? - Correct Answer 21 to 35 days in
adults (an average of 28 days).
What are the phases of the ovarian cycle? - Correct Answer Follicular phase,
ovulation, and luteal phase.
What are the phases of the uterine cycle? - Correct Answer Menstruation,
proliferative phase, and secretory phase.
When is the most fertile period of the period? - Correct Answer 5 days before until
1 to 2 days after ovulation.
In a 28-day cycle with a 14-day luteal phase, this corresponds to the second and the
beginning of the third week.
During the secretory phase, what structure produces progesterone, which plays a
vital role in making the endometrium receptive to implantation of the blastocyst? -
Correct Answer Corpus lutein.
A 17-year-old girl presents due to painful periods. These have been present for the
past three years and are associated with a normal amount of blood loss. Her periods
are regular and there is no abnormal bleeding. She is not yet sexually active.
What is the most appropriate first-line treatment? - Correct Answer Ibuprofen (for
primary dysmenorrhea).
A 17 year old girl presents with a history of amenorrhoea, having never started her
period. On further questioning she has developed secondary sexual characteristics,
such as growth of breast tissue and pubic hair. She also complains of pelvic pain
and some bloating.
Which of the following is likely to be the cause? - Correct Answer Imperforate
hymen.
