PEDS Ch. 71 Fundamentals of Pediatric
Nursing Exam with Questions and Answers
Changes in healthcare delivery have greatly _________ the number of children cared
for in hospitals - Correct Answer Decreased.
What has been proven to be the most effective method of promoting the growth and
development of healthy children? - Correct Answer The concept of well-baby and well-
child visits for health maintenance or health supervision. Caregivers must be aware of
the importance of routine, scheduled trips to a primary provider or community health
facility.
What does preventive healthcare monitor? - Correct Answer Growth rates and
achievements of developmental milestones, and provides opportunities for early
detection of health problems.
What do well-child visits allow for? - Correct Answer -Immunization appointments
-School and athletic physicals
-Screening for eye and ear problems
-Specific complaints of distress or injury
-Nurses provide teaching about health, safety, and nutrition issues.
-Nurse observes family interactions and notifies physician of dysfunctions.
-Nurse gathers information about the relationships within a child's immediate family
when they initiate care.
-The nurse should consider cultural/religious background.
True or False: Basic principles of safety and child care apply for both well and ill
children. - Correct Answer True
What does well-child visit information include? - Correct Answer -Vital signs
-Height and weight
-Occipital-frontal circumference of the head *(to 3 years of age)*
Plot the child's height and weight on a growth chart that allows comparison with other
children of the same age. *At each visit*, the child's growth should be compared with
what is considered normal limits.
Early detection of abnormal trends can lead to preventive treatments.
FAMILY CAREGIVER INSTRUCTION: Infant - Correct Answer -Proper diet and
feeding techniques
-Teething
,-Feeding routine, colic, and spitting up
-Need to suck; pacifiers
-Positioning and sleep habits
-Diaper rash
-Bathing and bathing safety
-Urinary and bowel habits
-Crib safety
-Use of a car restraint or safety device
-Accident prevention: suffocation, drowning, poisoning, and falling.
-Beginning dental care: wipe the infant's gums with a damp cloth to remove excess
food.
FAMILY CAREGIVER INSTRUCTIONS: Toddler - Correct Answer -Dental care: dental
visits
-Weaning from the bottle
-Diet and solid food
-Behavior patterns: separation anxiety, negativism, and temper tantrums
-Discipline and limit setting
-Poison prevention
-Toilet training
FAMILY CAREGIVER INSTRUCTIONS: Preschooler - Correct Answer -Eating habits:
dawdling over food, "picky" eaters
-Night waking, bedtime fears, and nightmares
-Development of a positive self-concept and body image
-Aggressive behavior and sibling rivalry
-Preparation for school
-Thumb-sucking; dental care
-Care for common childhood diseases
What is the Denver-II Developmental Screening Test? - Correct Answer A tool used to
identify developmental delays in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers. If a delay is
identified or suspected, a more detailed evaluation of the child may be performed.
Describe physical examination for children - Correct Answer The primary caregiver will
complete a physical exam that will become a reference point. Many examiners use a
head-to-toe checklist, some use a body system approach. When an exception to the
established normal trend is noted, it is described in detail on the child's chart.
Describe immunizations - Correct Answer Provides people with temporary or
permanent protection against certain diseases. Immunization program begins shortly
after the child's birth and should be continued on a regular schedule. Most
immunizations can be given even when the child has a mild illness. Immunization
against tuberculosis is not done in the USA.
, What does infant health supervision include? - Correct Answer Documentation of
milestones of development and growth, as well as documentation of immunizations and
family teaching.
Examinations center around discussion with family caregivers and anticipatory teaching.
List general observations for infants - Correct Answer -How family caregivers hold the
infant
-If the infant "cuddles" with the family caregivers
-General cleanliness of the infant
-The infant's response to painful procedures
-The infant's appearance of health or illness; weight compared to length
List specific observations for infants - Correct Answer -Equal, active movement of all
extremities
-General activity level
-Alertness
-Skin color, warmth, and texture
-Tone and pitch of the infant's cry
-General respiratory status
-Fontanels, reflexes
-Achievements of developmental milestones
Documentation for a well-child checkup for toddlers includes what? - Correct Answer -
Age of weaning from breast or bottle to cup (usually achieved by *12 months*).
-Ages at which toilet training was started and completed.
-Language development.
-Play patterns and activities.
-Sleep patterns.
Discuss w/ family caregivers their child's behavior patterns and the type of discipline
they use. Encourage them to begin dental checkups for toddlers as early as *12
months*. Teaching requires a strong focus on *safety*.
Describe the physical exam for preschool children - Correct Answer *Focuses on
readiness for school.* Use a systems checklist to evaluate each child's physical
condition.
Focus attention also on sleep patterns, safety, and relationships with peers, siblings,
and family caregivers.
Evaluation of speech, hearing, and vision is critical in the preschool years. Each child
must be WNL to facilitate learning. An adequate attention span is essential. Document
ability to pay attention, follow directions, and focus on a task. Evaluate gross and fine
motor skills. These characteristics are evaluated earlier, but they become a special
focus in the preschool examination.
Describe the physical exam for school-age children - Correct Answer Continue to plot
heights and weights on the growth grid to compare with children of the same age.
Nursing Exam with Questions and Answers
Changes in healthcare delivery have greatly _________ the number of children cared
for in hospitals - Correct Answer Decreased.
What has been proven to be the most effective method of promoting the growth and
development of healthy children? - Correct Answer The concept of well-baby and well-
child visits for health maintenance or health supervision. Caregivers must be aware of
the importance of routine, scheduled trips to a primary provider or community health
facility.
What does preventive healthcare monitor? - Correct Answer Growth rates and
achievements of developmental milestones, and provides opportunities for early
detection of health problems.
What do well-child visits allow for? - Correct Answer -Immunization appointments
-School and athletic physicals
-Screening for eye and ear problems
-Specific complaints of distress or injury
-Nurses provide teaching about health, safety, and nutrition issues.
-Nurse observes family interactions and notifies physician of dysfunctions.
-Nurse gathers information about the relationships within a child's immediate family
when they initiate care.
-The nurse should consider cultural/religious background.
True or False: Basic principles of safety and child care apply for both well and ill
children. - Correct Answer True
What does well-child visit information include? - Correct Answer -Vital signs
-Height and weight
-Occipital-frontal circumference of the head *(to 3 years of age)*
Plot the child's height and weight on a growth chart that allows comparison with other
children of the same age. *At each visit*, the child's growth should be compared with
what is considered normal limits.
Early detection of abnormal trends can lead to preventive treatments.
FAMILY CAREGIVER INSTRUCTION: Infant - Correct Answer -Proper diet and
feeding techniques
-Teething
,-Feeding routine, colic, and spitting up
-Need to suck; pacifiers
-Positioning and sleep habits
-Diaper rash
-Bathing and bathing safety
-Urinary and bowel habits
-Crib safety
-Use of a car restraint or safety device
-Accident prevention: suffocation, drowning, poisoning, and falling.
-Beginning dental care: wipe the infant's gums with a damp cloth to remove excess
food.
FAMILY CAREGIVER INSTRUCTIONS: Toddler - Correct Answer -Dental care: dental
visits
-Weaning from the bottle
-Diet and solid food
-Behavior patterns: separation anxiety, negativism, and temper tantrums
-Discipline and limit setting
-Poison prevention
-Toilet training
FAMILY CAREGIVER INSTRUCTIONS: Preschooler - Correct Answer -Eating habits:
dawdling over food, "picky" eaters
-Night waking, bedtime fears, and nightmares
-Development of a positive self-concept and body image
-Aggressive behavior and sibling rivalry
-Preparation for school
-Thumb-sucking; dental care
-Care for common childhood diseases
What is the Denver-II Developmental Screening Test? - Correct Answer A tool used to
identify developmental delays in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers. If a delay is
identified or suspected, a more detailed evaluation of the child may be performed.
Describe physical examination for children - Correct Answer The primary caregiver will
complete a physical exam that will become a reference point. Many examiners use a
head-to-toe checklist, some use a body system approach. When an exception to the
established normal trend is noted, it is described in detail on the child's chart.
Describe immunizations - Correct Answer Provides people with temporary or
permanent protection against certain diseases. Immunization program begins shortly
after the child's birth and should be continued on a regular schedule. Most
immunizations can be given even when the child has a mild illness. Immunization
against tuberculosis is not done in the USA.
, What does infant health supervision include? - Correct Answer Documentation of
milestones of development and growth, as well as documentation of immunizations and
family teaching.
Examinations center around discussion with family caregivers and anticipatory teaching.
List general observations for infants - Correct Answer -How family caregivers hold the
infant
-If the infant "cuddles" with the family caregivers
-General cleanliness of the infant
-The infant's response to painful procedures
-The infant's appearance of health or illness; weight compared to length
List specific observations for infants - Correct Answer -Equal, active movement of all
extremities
-General activity level
-Alertness
-Skin color, warmth, and texture
-Tone and pitch of the infant's cry
-General respiratory status
-Fontanels, reflexes
-Achievements of developmental milestones
Documentation for a well-child checkup for toddlers includes what? - Correct Answer -
Age of weaning from breast or bottle to cup (usually achieved by *12 months*).
-Ages at which toilet training was started and completed.
-Language development.
-Play patterns and activities.
-Sleep patterns.
Discuss w/ family caregivers their child's behavior patterns and the type of discipline
they use. Encourage them to begin dental checkups for toddlers as early as *12
months*. Teaching requires a strong focus on *safety*.
Describe the physical exam for preschool children - Correct Answer *Focuses on
readiness for school.* Use a systems checklist to evaluate each child's physical
condition.
Focus attention also on sleep patterns, safety, and relationships with peers, siblings,
and family caregivers.
Evaluation of speech, hearing, and vision is critical in the preschool years. Each child
must be WNL to facilitate learning. An adequate attention span is essential. Document
ability to pay attention, follow directions, and focus on a task. Evaluate gross and fine
motor skills. These characteristics are evaluated earlier, but they become a special
focus in the preschool examination.
Describe the physical exam for school-age children - Correct Answer Continue to plot
heights and weights on the growth grid to compare with children of the same age.
