NURS 373 – Pediatric Nursing Final Exam-
Questions with Answers 100% Accuracy
What is family centered care? - Correct Answer recognizing the family as the unit of
care
Supporting not only the child, but including the family and other loved ones in care
Age range - Neonate - Correct Answer birth to 28 days
Age range - infant - Correct Answer 28 days to 12 months
Age range - toddler - Correct Answer 1-3 years
Age range - preschool - Correct Answer 3-6 years
Age range - school age/childhood - Correct Answer 6-11 years
Age range - Adolescence - Correct Answer 11-18 years
Normal development - infancy - Correct Answer Nurturance - meeting basic needs
Sense of trust - dependability, security
Oral phase - importance of sucking
Environment - strangers, safety are big concerns
Major stressors - separation
Normal growth - infancy - Correct Answer Length increase by 50%
Weight doubles by 6 months and triples by 1 year
Anterior and posterior fontanels
Eruption of teeth around 8 months
Important interventions for infants - Correct Answer Have parents present
Familiar objects
Cuddling/rocking
Music
Sucking
Soft, slow voice
Normal development - toddler - Correct Answer Motor skills develop faster than
intellectual
Sense of autonomy
,Separation from mother
Anal stage: seeking control, ritualistic, tantrums
Major stressors: separation, fear of bodily harm, and alteration in routine
Normal growth - toddler - Correct Answer Growth rate slows in 2nd year of life
(mostly in legs)
Limited food intake
Growth spurts - step like on growth curve
By age 2: half of adult height
Head circumference = chest circumference
Birth weight quadrupled (var weight 27lbs)
By 33 months: all deciduous teeth erupted and child has about 20 teeth in total
Important interventions for toddlers - Correct Answer Familiar objects
Parents present
Allow for appropriate choices
Use simple terms - child's language
Try to keep the same routine as they have at home
Normal development - preschool - Correct Answer Increasing independence -
imaginative, curious, energetic learning
Sense of initiative - developing self-image (male/female)
Learning through imitation
Socializes with peers
Major stressors: fear of bodily harm, loss of control, heightened imagination leads to
fear and anxiety
Normal growth - preschool - Correct Answer Slow and steady (long bones of arms
and legs)
Gain 3-5lbs per year
Grow about 2.5-3in per year
Deciduous teeth development complete
6 yrs. - start to get deciduous teeth and get secondary teeth
Important interventions for preschoolers - Correct Answer Simple explanations
Allow for appropriate choices
Familiar objects
Parental presence
Be patient
Focus on the present
Normal development - childhood - Correct Answer Development of logical thinking
Interest outside of family
Sense of industry - challenges, achievement
Major stressors - loss of control, bodily injury, pain, separation
,Normal growth - childhood - Correct Answer Slow and smooth (girls faster)
2in per year in height
6lbs per year in weight
By 7yrs nearly completed its growth
Development of small muscle and eye-hand coordination increases
Pubertal growth
Loss of teeth
Important interventions for school age children - Correct Answer Explain
procedures
Honesty
Privacy
Include in decision making
Parental presence
Normal development - adolescents - Correct Answer Independence
Physical and sexual maturity
Major stressors - loss of control, threats to independence
Tanner stages for sexual development
Normal growth - adolescents - Correct Answer Weight doubles and height
increases 15-20%
Major organs double in size (except lymphoid tissue, which decreases)
Boys gain strength and muscle mass
Pituitary gland stimulated at puberty to produce androgen steroids responsible for
secondary sex characteristics
Important interventions for adolescents - Correct Answer Explain procedures
Involve in decision-making
Privacy
Avoid authoritarian approach when possible
Great time for health teaching
Promote positive attitudes
Need feedback that they are normal and healthy
Pediatric Differences - Neuron System - Correct Answer 90% brain growth by age
6
CNS immature, poorly developed nerve fibers
Numerous reflexes present at birth
Myelination in 1st year of life
BBB not mature until 2 years
What are fontanels? - Correct Answer 'Soft spots' between suture lines in the skull
When do the anterior fontanels close? - Correct Answer Around 18 months
, When do the posterior fontanels close? - Correct Answer 2-3 months
Pediatric Neuron Assessment - Correct Answer General LOC
Behavior and development - age appropriate?
Alertness
Orientation (if old enough to assess)
Cry (lusty normal, weak/high-pitched abnormal)
Fontanels (should be soft and flat)
Pupils (same as adult asset)
Limb movement/ambulation
Strength of suck
Tone
Pediatric Differences - Upper Rasp System - Correct Answer Shorter neck =
structures closer together
Trachea shorter and narrower - risk for obstruction
Newborns are nose breathers
Larynx and glottis high in neck - risk for aspiration
Tongue large in proportion to mouth
Pediatric Differences - Lower Rasp System - Correct Answer Alveoli not fully
developed
# of alveoli increases from 25 mil - 300 mil by age 8
Smaller alveoli - risk of collapse
Less lung volume
Diaphragm breathing
CO2 not effectively expired when distressed - risk for acidosis
Airway resistance in kids - Correct Answer Greater in children > adults (narrower
airway)
Can be further narrowed with inflammation
Increased work of breathing
Pediatric Rasp Assessment - Correct Answer Rate - one full minute
Rhythm
Depth
Cough with description
Secretions if present
O2 sat
Auscultation
What are transmitted lung sounds? - Correct Answer May seem to originate in the
lungs but actually referred from the upper airway (i.e. mucous in the throat or nose)
Most common sound to hear in kids
Questions with Answers 100% Accuracy
What is family centered care? - Correct Answer recognizing the family as the unit of
care
Supporting not only the child, but including the family and other loved ones in care
Age range - Neonate - Correct Answer birth to 28 days
Age range - infant - Correct Answer 28 days to 12 months
Age range - toddler - Correct Answer 1-3 years
Age range - preschool - Correct Answer 3-6 years
Age range - school age/childhood - Correct Answer 6-11 years
Age range - Adolescence - Correct Answer 11-18 years
Normal development - infancy - Correct Answer Nurturance - meeting basic needs
Sense of trust - dependability, security
Oral phase - importance of sucking
Environment - strangers, safety are big concerns
Major stressors - separation
Normal growth - infancy - Correct Answer Length increase by 50%
Weight doubles by 6 months and triples by 1 year
Anterior and posterior fontanels
Eruption of teeth around 8 months
Important interventions for infants - Correct Answer Have parents present
Familiar objects
Cuddling/rocking
Music
Sucking
Soft, slow voice
Normal development - toddler - Correct Answer Motor skills develop faster than
intellectual
Sense of autonomy
,Separation from mother
Anal stage: seeking control, ritualistic, tantrums
Major stressors: separation, fear of bodily harm, and alteration in routine
Normal growth - toddler - Correct Answer Growth rate slows in 2nd year of life
(mostly in legs)
Limited food intake
Growth spurts - step like on growth curve
By age 2: half of adult height
Head circumference = chest circumference
Birth weight quadrupled (var weight 27lbs)
By 33 months: all deciduous teeth erupted and child has about 20 teeth in total
Important interventions for toddlers - Correct Answer Familiar objects
Parents present
Allow for appropriate choices
Use simple terms - child's language
Try to keep the same routine as they have at home
Normal development - preschool - Correct Answer Increasing independence -
imaginative, curious, energetic learning
Sense of initiative - developing self-image (male/female)
Learning through imitation
Socializes with peers
Major stressors: fear of bodily harm, loss of control, heightened imagination leads to
fear and anxiety
Normal growth - preschool - Correct Answer Slow and steady (long bones of arms
and legs)
Gain 3-5lbs per year
Grow about 2.5-3in per year
Deciduous teeth development complete
6 yrs. - start to get deciduous teeth and get secondary teeth
Important interventions for preschoolers - Correct Answer Simple explanations
Allow for appropriate choices
Familiar objects
Parental presence
Be patient
Focus on the present
Normal development - childhood - Correct Answer Development of logical thinking
Interest outside of family
Sense of industry - challenges, achievement
Major stressors - loss of control, bodily injury, pain, separation
,Normal growth - childhood - Correct Answer Slow and smooth (girls faster)
2in per year in height
6lbs per year in weight
By 7yrs nearly completed its growth
Development of small muscle and eye-hand coordination increases
Pubertal growth
Loss of teeth
Important interventions for school age children - Correct Answer Explain
procedures
Honesty
Privacy
Include in decision making
Parental presence
Normal development - adolescents - Correct Answer Independence
Physical and sexual maturity
Major stressors - loss of control, threats to independence
Tanner stages for sexual development
Normal growth - adolescents - Correct Answer Weight doubles and height
increases 15-20%
Major organs double in size (except lymphoid tissue, which decreases)
Boys gain strength and muscle mass
Pituitary gland stimulated at puberty to produce androgen steroids responsible for
secondary sex characteristics
Important interventions for adolescents - Correct Answer Explain procedures
Involve in decision-making
Privacy
Avoid authoritarian approach when possible
Great time for health teaching
Promote positive attitudes
Need feedback that they are normal and healthy
Pediatric Differences - Neuron System - Correct Answer 90% brain growth by age
6
CNS immature, poorly developed nerve fibers
Numerous reflexes present at birth
Myelination in 1st year of life
BBB not mature until 2 years
What are fontanels? - Correct Answer 'Soft spots' between suture lines in the skull
When do the anterior fontanels close? - Correct Answer Around 18 months
, When do the posterior fontanels close? - Correct Answer 2-3 months
Pediatric Neuron Assessment - Correct Answer General LOC
Behavior and development - age appropriate?
Alertness
Orientation (if old enough to assess)
Cry (lusty normal, weak/high-pitched abnormal)
Fontanels (should be soft and flat)
Pupils (same as adult asset)
Limb movement/ambulation
Strength of suck
Tone
Pediatric Differences - Upper Rasp System - Correct Answer Shorter neck =
structures closer together
Trachea shorter and narrower - risk for obstruction
Newborns are nose breathers
Larynx and glottis high in neck - risk for aspiration
Tongue large in proportion to mouth
Pediatric Differences - Lower Rasp System - Correct Answer Alveoli not fully
developed
# of alveoli increases from 25 mil - 300 mil by age 8
Smaller alveoli - risk of collapse
Less lung volume
Diaphragm breathing
CO2 not effectively expired when distressed - risk for acidosis
Airway resistance in kids - Correct Answer Greater in children > adults (narrower
airway)
Can be further narrowed with inflammation
Increased work of breathing
Pediatric Rasp Assessment - Correct Answer Rate - one full minute
Rhythm
Depth
Cough with description
Secretions if present
O2 sat
Auscultation
What are transmitted lung sounds? - Correct Answer May seem to originate in the
lungs but actually referred from the upper airway (i.e. mucous in the throat or nose)
Most common sound to hear in kids
