Pediatric Nursing Final Exam Questions with
Answers
Functions of the endocrine system include... - Correct Answer -Sexual
differentiation in fetal stage
-Regulates pace of growth and development
-Maintains optimal hormone levels
-Maintains internal homeostasis
-Enables sexual reproduction
Functions of the infant/ child's endocrine system include:
-Sexual __________ in fetal stage
-Regulates pace of ______ and development
-Maintains optimal __________ levels
-Maintains internal _____________
-Enables sexual reproduction - Correct Answer differentiation; growth; hormone;
homeostasis
What is adrenarche? - Correct Answer onset of adrenal androgen production; acne,
pubic hair, adult body odor
What is menarche and what is the average age of onset? - Correct Answer onset of
menstruation; around 12 years
What hormones does the anterior pituitary produce? - Correct Answer Follicle-
stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Prolactin
Growth hormone
What is considered the master gland? - Correct Answer anterior pituitary gland
What hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary gland? - Correct Answer
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
Decreased activity/ secretion of a certain hormone in the pituitary gland may cause: -
Correct Answer growth hormone deficiency
,What endocrine disorder is characterized by the child being below the 3rd percentile
for height at 1 year? - Correct Answer growth hormone deficiency (decreased
activity in pituitary gland)
What might the following six be indicative of (endocrine disorder)?
-Hypoglycemic seizures
-Hypernatremia
-Neonatal jaundice
-Micropenis, undescended testes - Correct Answer growth hormone deficiency
(along with being below the 3rd percentile in height at 1 year)
T or F: Children with growth hormone deficiency appear "cherubic" with youthful
facial features - Correct Answer true
T or F: growth hormone deficiency affects linear growth, as well as the growth of all
body tissues - Correct Answer true
T or F: growth hormone deficiency causes delayed skeletal maturation, as well as
delayed dentition and higher pitched voices - Correct Answer true
What is a wrist x-ray done for? - Correct Answer to show the bone age of a child
(dx growth hormone deficiency)
Provocative growth hormone tests involves various ________ to stimulate the
release of ________ hormone. 2 failures of this test indicate which endocrine
disorder? - Correct Answer medications; growth hormone; growth hormone
deficiency
*How long must a child with growth hormone deficiency receive treatment? - Correct
Answer for several years (until growth is complete)
What type of treatment is used for growth hormone deficiency? - Correct Answer
daily sub-Q injection of growth hormone (for several years until growth is complete)
T or F: for a child with growth hormone deficiency, dress them as their physical
developmental age - Correct Answer false: dress them as their chronological age
Provide teaching for __________ administration and treat child by their
chronological age, not their size with growth hormone deficiency. Monitor and plot
what? - Correct Answer injection; growth
DM type I and II are disorders of what organ? - Correct Answer pancreas
T or F: Hispanic children are more susceptible to developing DM - Correct Answer
false: Caucasians more susceptible
,What age range are children most likely to be dx with DM I? - Correct Answer 7-8
How will you describe DM 1 to a child and her family? - Correct Answer - DM I is
disorder of protein, carb and fat metabolism
Differentiate between the two types (insulin resistant vs. insulin dependent)
Insulin production insufficiency
Autoimmune (body attacking itself); destruction of Beta cells of pancreas
where insulin is produced
What is DM I caused by? - Correct Answer autoimmune destruction of insulin-
producing beta cells in people who are genetically predisposed (child inherits
susceptibility to the disease, not the disease itself)
DM I may be caused by an autoimmune response involving... - Correct Answer
viral antibodies destroying the Beta islet cells
What causes ketones in the urine (in diabetes)? - Correct Answer cells use fatty
acids or proteins for energy when carbohydrates are not available, causing ketones
(alters acid/ base balance in body)
*HgbA1C of what value confirms a DM diagnosis? - Correct Answer >6.5%
Two-hour plasma glucose ≥______ mg/dl shows DM - Correct Answer 200
*What treatments will a child with DM I need to adhere to for the rest of their lives? -
Correct Answer - some form of insulin (syringe, pen, and pump)
Carb counting
Blood glucose monitoring 4-8 times per day
Regular exercise
*What is basal-bolus therapy? - Correct Answer basal: basal long-acting insulin
administered once daily (glaring or deter)
Bolus: bolus of rapid acting insulin administered with each meal based on carb count
and glucose level (lisper, apart, glulisine)
What can influence the amount of insulin a child with DM I needs to receive each
time? - Correct Answer carb count, stress, infection, illness
What long-term complications may a child with DM I experience? (These may occur
as early as 2 years after dx) - Correct Answer -Diabetic retinopathy
-Renal failure
-Heart disease
-Peripheral vascular disease
, When a child is dx with DM I, what is important teaching? - Correct Answer
medication administration (injections); blood glucose testing; carb counting diet;
importance of exercise; what to do if DKA occurs; sick day management
The following are signs to call the doctor about related to what disease?
"Fever and sign of infection, ketones in urine, child is unable to tolerate fluids, has
blood sugars out of target range, signs of dehydration" - Correct Answer sick day
guidelines for DM I
Bad or chest pain, Kussmauls respirations, and N/V are six associated with
__________ acidosis in relation to diabetic ketoacidosis - Correct Answer
metabolic
What are s/six of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)? - Correct Answer - 3 Ps (polyuria,
polydipsia, and polyphagia)
Metabolic acidosis (bad or chest pain, N/V, Kussmauls respirations)
Hypotension
Dehydration
Weight loss
Tachycardia
Fruity breath
Altered LOC
Hyperglycemia
Glycosuria and ketonuria
What disease/ complication involve Kussmauls respirations? - Correct Answer DKA
(DM I complication, and sometimes DM II complication)
Hypotension, tachycardia, fruity breath, dehydration, altered LOC, flushed ears and
cheeks, among other six are signs of what condition/ complication? - Correct
Answer DKA (Complication of DM I and possible DM II)
*What is the treatment for DKA? - Correct Answer - isotonic IV fluids with
electrolytes (after child voids, electrolytes added- ensures kidney function)
Continuous IV infusion of short acting insulin
What is most common cause of death associated with DKA? - Correct Answer
cerebral edema
What is an important technique involving short acting insulin administration for DKA
through an IV? - Correct Answer run 50-100 ml NS through new IV tubing to ensure
proper dose at beginning of TX (because insulin binds to IV tubing!)
T or F: insulin binds to IV tubing - Correct Answer true
Answers
Functions of the endocrine system include... - Correct Answer -Sexual
differentiation in fetal stage
-Regulates pace of growth and development
-Maintains optimal hormone levels
-Maintains internal homeostasis
-Enables sexual reproduction
Functions of the infant/ child's endocrine system include:
-Sexual __________ in fetal stage
-Regulates pace of ______ and development
-Maintains optimal __________ levels
-Maintains internal _____________
-Enables sexual reproduction - Correct Answer differentiation; growth; hormone;
homeostasis
What is adrenarche? - Correct Answer onset of adrenal androgen production; acne,
pubic hair, adult body odor
What is menarche and what is the average age of onset? - Correct Answer onset of
menstruation; around 12 years
What hormones does the anterior pituitary produce? - Correct Answer Follicle-
stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Prolactin
Growth hormone
What is considered the master gland? - Correct Answer anterior pituitary gland
What hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary gland? - Correct Answer
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
Decreased activity/ secretion of a certain hormone in the pituitary gland may cause: -
Correct Answer growth hormone deficiency
,What endocrine disorder is characterized by the child being below the 3rd percentile
for height at 1 year? - Correct Answer growth hormone deficiency (decreased
activity in pituitary gland)
What might the following six be indicative of (endocrine disorder)?
-Hypoglycemic seizures
-Hypernatremia
-Neonatal jaundice
-Micropenis, undescended testes - Correct Answer growth hormone deficiency
(along with being below the 3rd percentile in height at 1 year)
T or F: Children with growth hormone deficiency appear "cherubic" with youthful
facial features - Correct Answer true
T or F: growth hormone deficiency affects linear growth, as well as the growth of all
body tissues - Correct Answer true
T or F: growth hormone deficiency causes delayed skeletal maturation, as well as
delayed dentition and higher pitched voices - Correct Answer true
What is a wrist x-ray done for? - Correct Answer to show the bone age of a child
(dx growth hormone deficiency)
Provocative growth hormone tests involves various ________ to stimulate the
release of ________ hormone. 2 failures of this test indicate which endocrine
disorder? - Correct Answer medications; growth hormone; growth hormone
deficiency
*How long must a child with growth hormone deficiency receive treatment? - Correct
Answer for several years (until growth is complete)
What type of treatment is used for growth hormone deficiency? - Correct Answer
daily sub-Q injection of growth hormone (for several years until growth is complete)
T or F: for a child with growth hormone deficiency, dress them as their physical
developmental age - Correct Answer false: dress them as their chronological age
Provide teaching for __________ administration and treat child by their
chronological age, not their size with growth hormone deficiency. Monitor and plot
what? - Correct Answer injection; growth
DM type I and II are disorders of what organ? - Correct Answer pancreas
T or F: Hispanic children are more susceptible to developing DM - Correct Answer
false: Caucasians more susceptible
,What age range are children most likely to be dx with DM I? - Correct Answer 7-8
How will you describe DM 1 to a child and her family? - Correct Answer - DM I is
disorder of protein, carb and fat metabolism
Differentiate between the two types (insulin resistant vs. insulin dependent)
Insulin production insufficiency
Autoimmune (body attacking itself); destruction of Beta cells of pancreas
where insulin is produced
What is DM I caused by? - Correct Answer autoimmune destruction of insulin-
producing beta cells in people who are genetically predisposed (child inherits
susceptibility to the disease, not the disease itself)
DM I may be caused by an autoimmune response involving... - Correct Answer
viral antibodies destroying the Beta islet cells
What causes ketones in the urine (in diabetes)? - Correct Answer cells use fatty
acids or proteins for energy when carbohydrates are not available, causing ketones
(alters acid/ base balance in body)
*HgbA1C of what value confirms a DM diagnosis? - Correct Answer >6.5%
Two-hour plasma glucose ≥______ mg/dl shows DM - Correct Answer 200
*What treatments will a child with DM I need to adhere to for the rest of their lives? -
Correct Answer - some form of insulin (syringe, pen, and pump)
Carb counting
Blood glucose monitoring 4-8 times per day
Regular exercise
*What is basal-bolus therapy? - Correct Answer basal: basal long-acting insulin
administered once daily (glaring or deter)
Bolus: bolus of rapid acting insulin administered with each meal based on carb count
and glucose level (lisper, apart, glulisine)
What can influence the amount of insulin a child with DM I needs to receive each
time? - Correct Answer carb count, stress, infection, illness
What long-term complications may a child with DM I experience? (These may occur
as early as 2 years after dx) - Correct Answer -Diabetic retinopathy
-Renal failure
-Heart disease
-Peripheral vascular disease
, When a child is dx with DM I, what is important teaching? - Correct Answer
medication administration (injections); blood glucose testing; carb counting diet;
importance of exercise; what to do if DKA occurs; sick day management
The following are signs to call the doctor about related to what disease?
"Fever and sign of infection, ketones in urine, child is unable to tolerate fluids, has
blood sugars out of target range, signs of dehydration" - Correct Answer sick day
guidelines for DM I
Bad or chest pain, Kussmauls respirations, and N/V are six associated with
__________ acidosis in relation to diabetic ketoacidosis - Correct Answer
metabolic
What are s/six of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)? - Correct Answer - 3 Ps (polyuria,
polydipsia, and polyphagia)
Metabolic acidosis (bad or chest pain, N/V, Kussmauls respirations)
Hypotension
Dehydration
Weight loss
Tachycardia
Fruity breath
Altered LOC
Hyperglycemia
Glycosuria and ketonuria
What disease/ complication involve Kussmauls respirations? - Correct Answer DKA
(DM I complication, and sometimes DM II complication)
Hypotension, tachycardia, fruity breath, dehydration, altered LOC, flushed ears and
cheeks, among other six are signs of what condition/ complication? - Correct
Answer DKA (Complication of DM I and possible DM II)
*What is the treatment for DKA? - Correct Answer - isotonic IV fluids with
electrolytes (after child voids, electrolytes added- ensures kidney function)
Continuous IV infusion of short acting insulin
What is most common cause of death associated with DKA? - Correct Answer
cerebral edema
What is an important technique involving short acting insulin administration for DKA
through an IV? - Correct Answer run 50-100 ml NS through new IV tubing to ensure
proper dose at beginning of TX (because insulin binds to IV tubing!)
T or F: insulin binds to IV tubing - Correct Answer true
