Advanced Med-Surg Principles Jersey College Mid-Term Questions and Answers Latest Update Fully Solved 100%

Ch 39: What two interventions do you do for the diagnostic test electromyography? - - check for use of anticoagulants prior to it (bleeding in the muscle could occur) - apply warm compress to relieve discomfort following the test Ch 39: What two complications do diagnostic procedures that disrupt skin surfaces cause? - increased risk of: - infection - bleeding Ch 39: What decreases serum calcium levels? - calcitonin Ch 39: What increases serum calcium levels? - parathyroid hormone Ch 39: When phophorus levels rise the calcium levels do what? - - decrease - pt can present with S/S of hypocalcemia Ch 39: What holds articulating bones together and an injury can impair movement? - ligaments Ch 39: What connects muscle to bone and an injury can impair movement? - tendons Ch 39: What can helo support bone formation? - - weight bearing exercises - sex hormones - calcitonin - calcium intakeCh 39: Adults over 50 require how much Vit D daily to help prevent osteoporosis? - 800 - 1000 IU Ch 39: What is important to instruct pts on consuming in regards to helping to prevent osteoporosis? - - 1,200 mg of calcium daily - 600 IU Vit D daily (with intake of low-fat milk, yogart, and cheese) Ch 39: What can increase bone resorption and could lead to osteoporosis? - - excessive cortisol production - excessive thyroid hormone production Ch 39: What stimulates osteoblastic (bone formation) activity and inhibits osteoclastic (bone resorption) activity? - estrogen Ch 39: Compromised estrogen levels in menopause can increase the risk of? - osteoporosis Ch 39: What two things can result in a loss in height? - - vertebral fractures - loss vertebral cratilage Ch 40: Because external fixators increase the risk for osteomyelitis you should do what for the pt? - perform pin site care using the aseptic technique (use chlorhexidine 2 mg/mL solution unless contraindicated) Ch 40: How do you properly clean/perfom pin care for a pt? - clean with a circular motion from the inner to the outer region and cleaning each site separately Ch 40: What is used to help reduce complication related to pain? - PCA (pt controlled analgesia) Ch 39: What is used to control edema following an arthoscopy? - - compression - elevation- joint extension Ch 39: What are two complicants following an arthoscopy? - - infection - bleeding Ch 39: What is lab value elevated in liver disease or bone disorders? - alkaline phosphate Ch 39: What is nephrotoxic and contraindicated in a pt who has an allergy to iodine, shellfish, or seafood, who may be pregnant, or has elevated creatinine levels? - contrast medium Ch 39: What is important to intruct on during a bone scan using an isotope? - hydration is used to eliminate the isotope Ch 39: What diagnostic test is used to help distinguish muscle from nerve disorders by directly stimulating muscle cells? - electromyography Ch 40: What can occur following some fractures due to the loss of blood to the bone so pts must be closely monitored for increased pain and a decrease in mobility? - avascular necrosis Ch 40: What are three complications that can arise following fractures? - - hypovolemic shock (hemorrhage) - fat embolism (in long bones) - compartment syndrome Ch 40: How do you prevent hip dislocation following a total hip arthroplasty? - - abducting the legs - prevent internal rotation of the legs - turn to the unaffected side while maintaining abduction - avoid flexing the hip more than 90 degrees - keep legs in a neutral position - keep the HOB 60 degress- avoid crossing the legs Ch 40: What instructions do you give a pt following a total hip arthroplasty to do to prevent dislocation for a minimum of 4 mos? - - use a raised toilet seat - avoid crossing the legs - no bending at the waist - sit with hips higher than the knees Ch 40: What are signs of hip dislocation? - - limb shortening - acute groin pain - external or internal rotation - limb deformity - crepitus (cracking or grating sound) - reduced mobility