NR 601 Midterm Exam
A 65-year-old male patient presents with complaints of fatigue, weight gain, and cold
intolerance. On examination, you note dry skin and bradycardia. Which of the
following is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Hyperthyroidism
B) Hypothyroidism
C) Addison's Disease
D) Cushing's Syndrome
Answer: B) Hypothyroidism
Question 2:
Which of the following is the recommended first-line treatment for a newly
diagnosed patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
A) Insulin therapy
B) Metformin
C) Sulfonylureas
D) Thiazolidinediones
Answer: B) Metformin
Question 3:
A 70-year-old woman with a history of osteoporosis is at an increased risk for which
of the following?
A) Stroke
B) Myocardial infarction
C) Hip fracture
D) Chronic kidney disease
Answer: C) Hip fracture
,Question 4:
Which of the following vaccines is recommended annually for all adults over the age
of 65?
A) Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR)
B) Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis (Tdap)
C) Influenza
D) Varicella
Answer: C) Influenza
Question 5:
A 75-year-old male presents with urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia. The
digital rectal examination reveals an enlarged, smooth, and firm prostate. What is
the most likely diagnosis?
A) Prostate cancer
B) Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
C) Urinary tract infection (UTI)
D) Chronic prostatitis
Answer: B) Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Question 6:
Which of the following lifestyle modifications is most effective in managing
hypertension in older adults?
A) Increased alcohol consumption
B) High-protein diet
C) Regular aerobic exercise
D) Low-fat diet
Answer: C) Regular aerobic exercise
Question 7:
,A 68-year-old woman presents with sudden onset of right-sided weakness and
slurred speech. Her past medical history includes hypertension and atrial fibrillation.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
B) Hemorrhagic stroke
C) Ischemic stroke
D) Bell's palsy
Answer: C) Ischemic stroke
Question 8:
Which of the following is the most common cause of dementia in older adults?
A) Vascular dementia
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) Parkinson's disease
D) Huntington's disease
Answer: B) Alzheimer's disease
Question 9:
A 72-year-old female with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
presents with increased dyspnea and a productive cough. She is afebrile, and her
oxygen saturation is 88% on room air. What is the most appropriate initial
management?
A) Immediate intubation and mechanical ventilation
B) Supplemental oxygen and bronchodilator therapy
C) Antibiotics and corticosteroids
D) Hospitalization for observation
Answer: B) Supplemental oxygen and bronchodilator therapy
Question 10:
, Which of the following lab tests is most useful in diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis in
older adults?
A) Complete blood count (CBC)
B) Rheumatoid factor (RF)
C) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
D) C-reactive protein (CRP)
Answer: B) Rheumatoid factor (RF)
Question 11:
A 78-year-old male with a history of atrial fibrillation is being evaluated for
anticoagulation therapy. Which of the following is a major contraindication to the
use of warfarin in this patient?
A) Hypertension
B) History of gastrointestinal bleeding
C) Type 2 diabetes mellitus
D) Chronic kidney disease
Answer: B) History of gastrointestinal bleeding
Question 12:
Which of the following is the most appropriate screening test for colorectal cancer in
a 70-year-old asymptomatic patient?
A) Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) annually
B) Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years
C) Colonoscopy every 10 years
D) Computed tomography (CT) colonography every 5 years
Answer: C) Colonoscopy every 10 years
Question 13:
A 65-year-old male patient presents with complaints of fatigue, weight gain, and cold
intolerance. On examination, you note dry skin and bradycardia. Which of the
following is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Hyperthyroidism
B) Hypothyroidism
C) Addison's Disease
D) Cushing's Syndrome
Answer: B) Hypothyroidism
Question 2:
Which of the following is the recommended first-line treatment for a newly
diagnosed patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
A) Insulin therapy
B) Metformin
C) Sulfonylureas
D) Thiazolidinediones
Answer: B) Metformin
Question 3:
A 70-year-old woman with a history of osteoporosis is at an increased risk for which
of the following?
A) Stroke
B) Myocardial infarction
C) Hip fracture
D) Chronic kidney disease
Answer: C) Hip fracture
,Question 4:
Which of the following vaccines is recommended annually for all adults over the age
of 65?
A) Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR)
B) Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis (Tdap)
C) Influenza
D) Varicella
Answer: C) Influenza
Question 5:
A 75-year-old male presents with urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia. The
digital rectal examination reveals an enlarged, smooth, and firm prostate. What is
the most likely diagnosis?
A) Prostate cancer
B) Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
C) Urinary tract infection (UTI)
D) Chronic prostatitis
Answer: B) Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Question 6:
Which of the following lifestyle modifications is most effective in managing
hypertension in older adults?
A) Increased alcohol consumption
B) High-protein diet
C) Regular aerobic exercise
D) Low-fat diet
Answer: C) Regular aerobic exercise
Question 7:
,A 68-year-old woman presents with sudden onset of right-sided weakness and
slurred speech. Her past medical history includes hypertension and atrial fibrillation.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
B) Hemorrhagic stroke
C) Ischemic stroke
D) Bell's palsy
Answer: C) Ischemic stroke
Question 8:
Which of the following is the most common cause of dementia in older adults?
A) Vascular dementia
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) Parkinson's disease
D) Huntington's disease
Answer: B) Alzheimer's disease
Question 9:
A 72-year-old female with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
presents with increased dyspnea and a productive cough. She is afebrile, and her
oxygen saturation is 88% on room air. What is the most appropriate initial
management?
A) Immediate intubation and mechanical ventilation
B) Supplemental oxygen and bronchodilator therapy
C) Antibiotics and corticosteroids
D) Hospitalization for observation
Answer: B) Supplemental oxygen and bronchodilator therapy
Question 10:
, Which of the following lab tests is most useful in diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis in
older adults?
A) Complete blood count (CBC)
B) Rheumatoid factor (RF)
C) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
D) C-reactive protein (CRP)
Answer: B) Rheumatoid factor (RF)
Question 11:
A 78-year-old male with a history of atrial fibrillation is being evaluated for
anticoagulation therapy. Which of the following is a major contraindication to the
use of warfarin in this patient?
A) Hypertension
B) History of gastrointestinal bleeding
C) Type 2 diabetes mellitus
D) Chronic kidney disease
Answer: B) History of gastrointestinal bleeding
Question 12:
Which of the following is the most appropriate screening test for colorectal cancer in
a 70-year-old asymptomatic patient?
A) Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) annually
B) Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years
C) Colonoscopy every 10 years
D) Computed tomography (CT) colonography every 5 years
Answer: C) Colonoscopy every 10 years
Question 13:
