Exam 1/Unit 1 Nursing (LVN)
direct contact transmission - answerperson to person transmission
indirect contact transmission - answerExample: Client's drainage gets on bed rail or side
table and then other's touch it and get ill
droplet transmission - answerRespiratory or salivary secretions are expelled from
infected individual (sneezing, coughing, singing, and talking can disperse droplets into
the air)
Influenza virus, Bordetella pertusis
airborne transmission - answerWhen small particles move into the airspace of another
person
Tuberculosis, Rubeola (measles), & varicella
vehicle transmission - answerspread of pathogens via air, drinking water, and food, as
well as bodily fluids being handled outside the body
vector-borne transmission - answerthe spread of certain disease due to the bite of an
animal, insect, or rodent
health-acquired infections (HAIs) - answerInfections that are acquired in a health care
facility (hospital, nursing home, ambulatory care facility)
central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) - answerA serious infection that
occurs when germs (usually bacteria or viruses) enter the bloodstream through the
central line
catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) - answeran infection that occurs in
the urethra, bladder, ureter, or kidney when bacteria travels up a catheter
Surgical site infection (SSI) - answeran infection that occurs after a surgical procedure
at the site of surgery
ventilator assisted pneumonia (VAP) - answerdue to ventilator passing many of lungs
normal defense mechanisms
Standard Precautions - answerGloves, gown, masks, eye protection, and face shields
are used alone, or in various combinations to protect nurses from being exposed to
,these contaminated elements, and to guard against transmitting these elements to other
surfaces
Contact precautions - answerPrecautions used when a client has an infectious agent
that can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact with body secretions
**Requires a minimum of gown and gloves, as well as hand hygiene prior to client
interactions
(Single client only if possible)
Droplet precautions - answerDon, a mask, gloves, gown, and use a hand hygiene when
entering the room or coming in to close contact with a client
When clients leave their room, they should wear a mask to prevent transmission of the
infectious agent to others
Airborne precautions - answerUsed when a client has an infectious agent that can be
transmitted through the air
Don a N95 mask or a high-level respirator as well as hand hygiene when entering the
room with a client
When clients leave the room, whether it is an AIIR or a room in a facility without an AIIR,
they should continue to wear a mask, her event transmission of the infectious agent to
others
Protective isolation (Neutropenic Precautions) - answerAre used during approximately
the first 100 days after the transplant, specific engineering at hospital designs that
decrease the risk of environmental fun, go to the client who had HSCT
Positive-pressure room with a HEPA filtration system
***A mask for anyone entering the room, or for the patient if leaving the room,
meticulous handwashing, patient must be assessed carefully for infection, NO live
plants, fresh flowers, fresh raw fruit or vegetables, sushi, or blue cheese, may be
brought into the room because they may harbor bacteria and fungi
skin and mucous membranes - answerMechanical barrier- intact skin and mucous
membranes provide a protective covering for the more delicate invulnerable, underlying
tissues and organs
Serve as portal of exit and entry
Chemical barriers- acids, lysozymes, cilia
, Normal flora - answerMicroorganisms that reside in or on the body without causing
disease
Coexist with the body and controls the growth of harmful pathogens
When the bodies immune system is a prize, for any reason, normal flora may grow out
of control and cause infection
Inflammatory response - answernonspecific defense against infection, characterized by
redness, heat, swelling, and pain
Neutralizing and destroying harmful agents, limiting spread to other tissues in the body
by walling off organisms and preparing the damage tissues for repair
Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) - answeran infection acquired within a healthcare
setting during the delivery of medical care
Multi drug resistant infections - answerBacteria that are resistant to one or more classes
of existing antimicrobials
Caused by multi-drug-resistant organisms
Diagnostic training - answerA wide range of diagnostic tests can be prescribed to detect
infection and inflammation. The provider selects the appropriate tests based on the
clients manifestations.
Diagnostic test can be expensive, however, and many clients in the healthcare system
need testing.
Overtesting is not only costly, but also puts a burden on the system, and can delay care
and treatment. For these reasons, testing should be prescribed only when needed.
Multi drug resistant organisms - answerbacteria and other microorganisms that have
developed resistance to antimicrobial drugs
Overuse of antibiotics has led to mutations of the organisms, making them resistant to
the antibiotics that were previously effective
hand hygiene - answerWashing your hands with antibacterial soap and water, using
alcohol based gel or foam, or surgical scrub
Medical asepsis (clean technique) - answerClean technique practices that they reduce
the presence of disease causing microorganisms on surfaces
direct contact transmission - answerperson to person transmission
indirect contact transmission - answerExample: Client's drainage gets on bed rail or side
table and then other's touch it and get ill
droplet transmission - answerRespiratory or salivary secretions are expelled from
infected individual (sneezing, coughing, singing, and talking can disperse droplets into
the air)
Influenza virus, Bordetella pertusis
airborne transmission - answerWhen small particles move into the airspace of another
person
Tuberculosis, Rubeola (measles), & varicella
vehicle transmission - answerspread of pathogens via air, drinking water, and food, as
well as bodily fluids being handled outside the body
vector-borne transmission - answerthe spread of certain disease due to the bite of an
animal, insect, or rodent
health-acquired infections (HAIs) - answerInfections that are acquired in a health care
facility (hospital, nursing home, ambulatory care facility)
central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) - answerA serious infection that
occurs when germs (usually bacteria or viruses) enter the bloodstream through the
central line
catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) - answeran infection that occurs in
the urethra, bladder, ureter, or kidney when bacteria travels up a catheter
Surgical site infection (SSI) - answeran infection that occurs after a surgical procedure
at the site of surgery
ventilator assisted pneumonia (VAP) - answerdue to ventilator passing many of lungs
normal defense mechanisms
Standard Precautions - answerGloves, gown, masks, eye protection, and face shields
are used alone, or in various combinations to protect nurses from being exposed to
,these contaminated elements, and to guard against transmitting these elements to other
surfaces
Contact precautions - answerPrecautions used when a client has an infectious agent
that can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact with body secretions
**Requires a minimum of gown and gloves, as well as hand hygiene prior to client
interactions
(Single client only if possible)
Droplet precautions - answerDon, a mask, gloves, gown, and use a hand hygiene when
entering the room or coming in to close contact with a client
When clients leave their room, they should wear a mask to prevent transmission of the
infectious agent to others
Airborne precautions - answerUsed when a client has an infectious agent that can be
transmitted through the air
Don a N95 mask or a high-level respirator as well as hand hygiene when entering the
room with a client
When clients leave the room, whether it is an AIIR or a room in a facility without an AIIR,
they should continue to wear a mask, her event transmission of the infectious agent to
others
Protective isolation (Neutropenic Precautions) - answerAre used during approximately
the first 100 days after the transplant, specific engineering at hospital designs that
decrease the risk of environmental fun, go to the client who had HSCT
Positive-pressure room with a HEPA filtration system
***A mask for anyone entering the room, or for the patient if leaving the room,
meticulous handwashing, patient must be assessed carefully for infection, NO live
plants, fresh flowers, fresh raw fruit or vegetables, sushi, or blue cheese, may be
brought into the room because they may harbor bacteria and fungi
skin and mucous membranes - answerMechanical barrier- intact skin and mucous
membranes provide a protective covering for the more delicate invulnerable, underlying
tissues and organs
Serve as portal of exit and entry
Chemical barriers- acids, lysozymes, cilia
, Normal flora - answerMicroorganisms that reside in or on the body without causing
disease
Coexist with the body and controls the growth of harmful pathogens
When the bodies immune system is a prize, for any reason, normal flora may grow out
of control and cause infection
Inflammatory response - answernonspecific defense against infection, characterized by
redness, heat, swelling, and pain
Neutralizing and destroying harmful agents, limiting spread to other tissues in the body
by walling off organisms and preparing the damage tissues for repair
Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) - answeran infection acquired within a healthcare
setting during the delivery of medical care
Multi drug resistant infections - answerBacteria that are resistant to one or more classes
of existing antimicrobials
Caused by multi-drug-resistant organisms
Diagnostic training - answerA wide range of diagnostic tests can be prescribed to detect
infection and inflammation. The provider selects the appropriate tests based on the
clients manifestations.
Diagnostic test can be expensive, however, and many clients in the healthcare system
need testing.
Overtesting is not only costly, but also puts a burden on the system, and can delay care
and treatment. For these reasons, testing should be prescribed only when needed.
Multi drug resistant organisms - answerbacteria and other microorganisms that have
developed resistance to antimicrobial drugs
Overuse of antibiotics has led to mutations of the organisms, making them resistant to
the antibiotics that were previously effective
hand hygiene - answerWashing your hands with antibacterial soap and water, using
alcohol based gel or foam, or surgical scrub
Medical asepsis (clean technique) - answerClean technique practices that they reduce
the presence of disease causing microorganisms on surfaces
