GRADE 1X -
CHAPTER 2. CONSTITUTIONAL DESIGN
Define the term Aparthied ?
ANS. Apartheid was the name of a system of racial discrimination unique to South Africa. It is
the official policy of racial separation and ill treatment of blacks followed by the
government of South Africa between 1948 and 1989.
1. Trace the origin of Aparthied system ?
ANS. The white Europeans imposed this system on South Africa. During the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries, the trading companies from Europe occupied it with arms and
force, in the way they occupied India. But unlike India, a large number of whites had
settled in South Africa and became the local rulers. The system of Aparthied divided the
people and labeled them on the basis of their skin colour. The native people of South
Africa are black in colour.
2. Who were called as coloured races in South Africa?
ANS. Besides whites and blacks there were people of mixed races called coloured and people
migrarted from India.
3. How was the system of Aparthied practiced in South Africa?
ANS. The white rulers treated all non- whites as inferiors. The non-whites did not have voting
rights.
The Aparthied system was particularly oppressive for the blacks. They were forbidden
from living in white areas. They could work in white areas only if they had a permit.
Trains, buses, taxis, hotels, hospitals, schools and colleges, libraries, cinema halls,
theatres, beaches, swimming pools, and public toilets were all separate for the whites
and blacks. This was called segregation.
They could not even visit the churches where the whites worshipped. Blacks could not
form associations or protest against the terrible treatment.
4. Discuss the role played by African National Congress[ANC] in organizing the blacks
against Aparthied system.?
[Type text]
, ANS. The African National Congress [ANC] was the umbrella organization that led the struggle
against the policies of segregation. This included many workers unions and the
communist party. Many sensitive whites also joined the ANC to oppose apartheid and
played a leading role in this struggle.
5. What is the importance of Constitution in a democratic country like India?
Or
Why does a democratic country need Constitution?
ANS. A democratic country needs a Constitution because it is the supreme law that
determines the relationship between among people living in a territory. It also
determines the relationship between the people and government.
6. What do you mean by Constitution? Constitution does many things to a country.
Explain.?
ANS. Constitution of a country is a set of written rules that are accepted by all people living
together in a country. Constitution is the supreme law that determines the relationship
among people living in a territory and also the relationship between the people and
government.
A constitution does many things :
-First, it generates a degree of trust and co-ordination that is necessary for different
kinds of people to live together.
-Second, it specifies how the government will be constituted, who will have powers to
take decisions.
-Third, it lays down limits on the powers on the government and tells us what the rights
of the citizens are.
-Fourth, it expresses the aspirations of the people about creating a good society.
7. What were the problems faced by constitution makers of India?
ANS. 1. The making of the constitution for a huge and diverse country like India was not an
easy affair. At that time the people of India were emerging from the status of subjects
to that of citizens.
2. The country was born through a partition on the basis of religious differences. This
was horrible experience for the people of India and Pakistan.
3. At least ten lakh people were killed on both sides f the border in partition related
violence.
4. The British had left it t the rulers of princely states to decide whether they wanted to
merge with India or with Pakistan or remain independent. The merger of these princely
states was a difficult and uncertain task.
[Type text]
CHAPTER 2. CONSTITUTIONAL DESIGN
Define the term Aparthied ?
ANS. Apartheid was the name of a system of racial discrimination unique to South Africa. It is
the official policy of racial separation and ill treatment of blacks followed by the
government of South Africa between 1948 and 1989.
1. Trace the origin of Aparthied system ?
ANS. The white Europeans imposed this system on South Africa. During the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries, the trading companies from Europe occupied it with arms and
force, in the way they occupied India. But unlike India, a large number of whites had
settled in South Africa and became the local rulers. The system of Aparthied divided the
people and labeled them on the basis of their skin colour. The native people of South
Africa are black in colour.
2. Who were called as coloured races in South Africa?
ANS. Besides whites and blacks there were people of mixed races called coloured and people
migrarted from India.
3. How was the system of Aparthied practiced in South Africa?
ANS. The white rulers treated all non- whites as inferiors. The non-whites did not have voting
rights.
The Aparthied system was particularly oppressive for the blacks. They were forbidden
from living in white areas. They could work in white areas only if they had a permit.
Trains, buses, taxis, hotels, hospitals, schools and colleges, libraries, cinema halls,
theatres, beaches, swimming pools, and public toilets were all separate for the whites
and blacks. This was called segregation.
They could not even visit the churches where the whites worshipped. Blacks could not
form associations or protest against the terrible treatment.
4. Discuss the role played by African National Congress[ANC] in organizing the blacks
against Aparthied system.?
[Type text]
, ANS. The African National Congress [ANC] was the umbrella organization that led the struggle
against the policies of segregation. This included many workers unions and the
communist party. Many sensitive whites also joined the ANC to oppose apartheid and
played a leading role in this struggle.
5. What is the importance of Constitution in a democratic country like India?
Or
Why does a democratic country need Constitution?
ANS. A democratic country needs a Constitution because it is the supreme law that
determines the relationship between among people living in a territory. It also
determines the relationship between the people and government.
6. What do you mean by Constitution? Constitution does many things to a country.
Explain.?
ANS. Constitution of a country is a set of written rules that are accepted by all people living
together in a country. Constitution is the supreme law that determines the relationship
among people living in a territory and also the relationship between the people and
government.
A constitution does many things :
-First, it generates a degree of trust and co-ordination that is necessary for different
kinds of people to live together.
-Second, it specifies how the government will be constituted, who will have powers to
take decisions.
-Third, it lays down limits on the powers on the government and tells us what the rights
of the citizens are.
-Fourth, it expresses the aspirations of the people about creating a good society.
7. What were the problems faced by constitution makers of India?
ANS. 1. The making of the constitution for a huge and diverse country like India was not an
easy affair. At that time the people of India were emerging from the status of subjects
to that of citizens.
2. The country was born through a partition on the basis of religious differences. This
was horrible experience for the people of India and Pakistan.
3. At least ten lakh people were killed on both sides f the border in partition related
violence.
4. The British had left it t the rulers of princely states to decide whether they wanted to
merge with India or with Pakistan or remain independent. The merger of these princely
states was a difficult and uncertain task.
[Type text]
