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Obsterics and Gynecology I
Created @January 15, 2022 7:31 PM
Class GYNO1
Materials
Reviewed
Type Subject
Property
Property 1
Week (date) Topic Lecture Practicals
Sex development,
sexual activity and Gynaecological examination and pregnancy diagnosis in
1 control of estrous sow, ewe and goat. Examination methods, clinical and
cycle in females. postmortal examination, interpretation of findings.
(16.2. Dolezel)
Estrous cycle,
infertility and
2 reproduction —
management in sows.
(23.2. Cech)
Estrous cycle,
infertility and Gynaecological examination and pregnancy diagnosis in
reproduction cow I. Rectal palpation and transcervical introduction of
3
management in ewes catheter/pipette to the uterus on simulators and methods
and goats. (3.4. of sampling.
Palenik)
Estrous cycle and
4 infertility in cows. —
(9.3. Dolezel)
Obsterics and Gynecology I 1
, Week (date) Topic Lecture Practicals
Infertility and Gynaecological examination and pregnancy diagnosis in
reproduction cow II. Transrectal ultrasonographical examination and
5
management in cows. vaginal examination (demonstration on the animal),
(16.3. Dolezel) interpretation of findings (presentation at the library).
Estrous cycle and
6 infertility in mare. —
(23.3., Sedlinska)
Infertility and
reproduction Gynaecological examination and pregnancy diagnosis in
7 management in mare I. Methods of examinations, interpretation of
mares. (30.3. findings.
Sedlinska
Estrous cycle and
8 infertility in bitches. —
(6.4. Vitasek)
Infertility and
Gynaecological examination and pregnancy diagnosis in
interventions into
mare II. Methods of drug administrations, sampling for
9 reproduction in
laboratory examination and demonstration of clinical
bitches. (13.4.
examination
Vitasek)
Estrous cycle,
infertility and
10 interventions into —
reproduction in cats.
(20.4. Vitasek
Gynaecological examination and pregnancy diagnosis in
Assisted reproduction
11 bitch and cat. Functional anatomy of reproductive organs,
in vivo. (27.4. Cech)
methods of examinations and interpretation of findings.
Assisted reproduction
12 in vitro. (4.5. —
Lopatarova)
Fertilization,
pregnancy and
13 pregnancy diagnosis Credit test.
in domestic animals.
(11.5. Dolezel)
14 Free topic. (18.5…)
Obsterics and Gynecology I 2
, Lecture 1 (general females)
Sex development, sexual activity and control of estrous cycle in females of domestic
animals
Development of sex
Chromosomal sex - composition of sexchromosomes: XX-female, XY-male,
(sexchromosome Y includes gene for testis determining factor).
Gonadal sex - differentiation gonads: ovaries- passively and later, testes-actively and
erlier).
Somatic sex - differentiation of sexual organs according to gonads (female later,
male-erlier).
Psychic sex - differentiation of secondary sexual characters and sexual activity
(female-cyclic, male- tonic).
Types of sexual activity
Prereproductive period – growth and maturation of sexual organs, mammary gland
and
development of female secondary characteristics and typical sexual behaviour
leading into puberty and formation of estrous cycle.
Reproductive period – course of specific estrous cycles according to species.
Postreproductive period (senium) – ending of estrous cycles and gradual
disappearance of sexual activity.
Reproductive maturity:
Sexual maturity – recruitment of estrous cycles (ovulation).
Breeding maturity – suitable stage of somatic development in sexual mature animal
for the 1st fertilization.
Somatic maturity – completion of somatic development.
Types of sexual activity:
Polyestrous - continuous course of sexual cycles except pregnancy and early post
partum period (cow, sow) .
Seasonally polyestrous - temporary anestrus inrelation with annual season (mare,
cat/ewe, goat).
Obsterics and Gynecology I 3
, Monoestrous - 1 oestrous cycle per year (mostly wild animals) or per breeding
season (ca) - or Diestrous - the most often 2 estrous cycles during a year (Ca).
Oestrous cycle
Follicular (estrogen, proliferative) phase:
Proestrus – follicle growth, estrogenization, psychic erotization (specific length
according to species – several days).
Estrus – at the beginning maximum estrogenization, maturation of follicles,
ovulation (except cow), receptivity for mating (several hours or days). Ovulation -
spontaneous or provoked (cat)
Luteal (progesteron, secretory) phase:
Metestrus – development of corpora lutea, decrease of oestrogenization as well as
sexual activity. Possible to distinguish only in some species – cow (3-5 days), sow
(7 days).
Diestrus – maximum development of corpora lutea, progesteronization, sexual rest
(several days or weeks).
Anestrus (interestrous/seasonal) – temporary absence of estrous cycles and sexual
activity (several days, weeks or months).
Sexual maturation (puberty) is limited by maturation of the CNS —
acquisition of sensitivity and functional activity of the structures.
Control of estruc cycle
Brain cortex
Brain accepts information from external environment by means of sense organs
(audition, vision, taste, olfaction, touch) as well as from internal environment by means
of spinal cord and autonomic neurons. Information in form of neural signals are
transferred to hypothalamus.
Transfer between neural cells is realized by means of neurotransmitters:
(excitatory: cholinergic – acetylcholine, adrenergic - noradrenalin, dopamine,
inhibitory: serotoninergic - serotonin, melatonin).
Opioid peptides: met-enkephalin, beta-endorphin.
Pheromones: volatile substances which can be detected by sense organs. Informs the
female if the male is suitable for copulation?
Obsterics and Gynecology I 4
Obsterics and Gynecology I
Created @January 15, 2022 7:31 PM
Class GYNO1
Materials
Reviewed
Type Subject
Property
Property 1
Week (date) Topic Lecture Practicals
Sex development,
sexual activity and Gynaecological examination and pregnancy diagnosis in
1 control of estrous sow, ewe and goat. Examination methods, clinical and
cycle in females. postmortal examination, interpretation of findings.
(16.2. Dolezel)
Estrous cycle,
infertility and
2 reproduction —
management in sows.
(23.2. Cech)
Estrous cycle,
infertility and Gynaecological examination and pregnancy diagnosis in
reproduction cow I. Rectal palpation and transcervical introduction of
3
management in ewes catheter/pipette to the uterus on simulators and methods
and goats. (3.4. of sampling.
Palenik)
Estrous cycle and
4 infertility in cows. —
(9.3. Dolezel)
Obsterics and Gynecology I 1
, Week (date) Topic Lecture Practicals
Infertility and Gynaecological examination and pregnancy diagnosis in
reproduction cow II. Transrectal ultrasonographical examination and
5
management in cows. vaginal examination (demonstration on the animal),
(16.3. Dolezel) interpretation of findings (presentation at the library).
Estrous cycle and
6 infertility in mare. —
(23.3., Sedlinska)
Infertility and
reproduction Gynaecological examination and pregnancy diagnosis in
7 management in mare I. Methods of examinations, interpretation of
mares. (30.3. findings.
Sedlinska
Estrous cycle and
8 infertility in bitches. —
(6.4. Vitasek)
Infertility and
Gynaecological examination and pregnancy diagnosis in
interventions into
mare II. Methods of drug administrations, sampling for
9 reproduction in
laboratory examination and demonstration of clinical
bitches. (13.4.
examination
Vitasek)
Estrous cycle,
infertility and
10 interventions into —
reproduction in cats.
(20.4. Vitasek
Gynaecological examination and pregnancy diagnosis in
Assisted reproduction
11 bitch and cat. Functional anatomy of reproductive organs,
in vivo. (27.4. Cech)
methods of examinations and interpretation of findings.
Assisted reproduction
12 in vitro. (4.5. —
Lopatarova)
Fertilization,
pregnancy and
13 pregnancy diagnosis Credit test.
in domestic animals.
(11.5. Dolezel)
14 Free topic. (18.5…)
Obsterics and Gynecology I 2
, Lecture 1 (general females)
Sex development, sexual activity and control of estrous cycle in females of domestic
animals
Development of sex
Chromosomal sex - composition of sexchromosomes: XX-female, XY-male,
(sexchromosome Y includes gene for testis determining factor).
Gonadal sex - differentiation gonads: ovaries- passively and later, testes-actively and
erlier).
Somatic sex - differentiation of sexual organs according to gonads (female later,
male-erlier).
Psychic sex - differentiation of secondary sexual characters and sexual activity
(female-cyclic, male- tonic).
Types of sexual activity
Prereproductive period – growth and maturation of sexual organs, mammary gland
and
development of female secondary characteristics and typical sexual behaviour
leading into puberty and formation of estrous cycle.
Reproductive period – course of specific estrous cycles according to species.
Postreproductive period (senium) – ending of estrous cycles and gradual
disappearance of sexual activity.
Reproductive maturity:
Sexual maturity – recruitment of estrous cycles (ovulation).
Breeding maturity – suitable stage of somatic development in sexual mature animal
for the 1st fertilization.
Somatic maturity – completion of somatic development.
Types of sexual activity:
Polyestrous - continuous course of sexual cycles except pregnancy and early post
partum period (cow, sow) .
Seasonally polyestrous - temporary anestrus inrelation with annual season (mare,
cat/ewe, goat).
Obsterics and Gynecology I 3
, Monoestrous - 1 oestrous cycle per year (mostly wild animals) or per breeding
season (ca) - or Diestrous - the most often 2 estrous cycles during a year (Ca).
Oestrous cycle
Follicular (estrogen, proliferative) phase:
Proestrus – follicle growth, estrogenization, psychic erotization (specific length
according to species – several days).
Estrus – at the beginning maximum estrogenization, maturation of follicles,
ovulation (except cow), receptivity for mating (several hours or days). Ovulation -
spontaneous or provoked (cat)
Luteal (progesteron, secretory) phase:
Metestrus – development of corpora lutea, decrease of oestrogenization as well as
sexual activity. Possible to distinguish only in some species – cow (3-5 days), sow
(7 days).
Diestrus – maximum development of corpora lutea, progesteronization, sexual rest
(several days or weeks).
Anestrus (interestrous/seasonal) – temporary absence of estrous cycles and sexual
activity (several days, weeks or months).
Sexual maturation (puberty) is limited by maturation of the CNS —
acquisition of sensitivity and functional activity of the structures.
Control of estruc cycle
Brain cortex
Brain accepts information from external environment by means of sense organs
(audition, vision, taste, olfaction, touch) as well as from internal environment by means
of spinal cord and autonomic neurons. Information in form of neural signals are
transferred to hypothalamus.
Transfer between neural cells is realized by means of neurotransmitters:
(excitatory: cholinergic – acetylcholine, adrenergic - noradrenalin, dopamine,
inhibitory: serotoninergic - serotonin, melatonin).
Opioid peptides: met-enkephalin, beta-endorphin.
Pheromones: volatile substances which can be detected by sense organs. Informs the
female if the male is suitable for copulation?
Obsterics and Gynecology I 4
